The Bible — World English Bible
1 Samuel 16
In brief
God has rejected Saul and sends Samuel to Bethlehem, to Jesse's house, to anoint the future king. Samuel is impressed by the eldest, Eliab, but God reminds him that he does not see as man sees. The youngest son, David, who is tending the sheep, is called and anointed, and the Spirit of the Lord comes on him. Meanwhile, the Spirit departs from Saul, who is tormented, and David enters his service by playing the harp.
The chapter in 3 parts
1Yahweh said to Samuel, “How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil, and go. I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite; for I have provided a king for myself among his sons.”
2Samuel said, “How can I go? If Saul hears it, he will kill me.” Yahweh said, “Take a heifer with you, and say, I have come to sacrifice to Yahweh.
3Call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will show you what you shall do. You shall anoint to me him whom I name to you.”
4Samuel did that which Yahweh spoke, and came to Bethlehem. The elders of the city came to meet him trembling, and said, “Do you come peaceably?”
5He said, “Peaceably; I have come to sacrifice to Yahweh. Sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice.” He sanctified Jesse and his sons, and called them to the sacrifice.
6When they had come, he looked at Eliab, and said, “Surely Yahweh’s anointed is before him.”
7But Yahweh said to Samuel, “Don’t look on his face, or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for I don’t see as man sees. For man looks at the outward appearance, but Yahweh looks at the heart.”
8Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. He said, “Yahweh has not chosen this one, either.”
9Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. He said, “Yahweh has not chosen this one, either.”
10Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. Samuel said to Jesse, “Yahweh has not chosen these.”
11Samuel said to Jesse, “Are all your children here?” He said, “There remains yet the youngest. Behold, he is keeping the sheep.” Samuel said to Jesse, “Send and get him, for we will not sit down until he comes here.”
12He sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, with a handsome face and good appearance. Yahweh said, “Arise! Anoint him, for this is he.”
13Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the middle of his brothers. Then Yahweh’s Spirit came mightily on David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up and went to Ramah.
14Now Yahweh’s Spirit departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from Yahweh troubled him.
15Saul’s servants said to him, “See now, an evil spirit from God troubles you.
16Let our lord now command your servants who are in front of you to seek out a man who is a skillful player on the harp. Then when the evil spirit from God is on you, he will play with his hand, and you will be well.”
17Saul said to his servants, “Provide me now a man who can play well, and bring him to me.”
18Then one of the young men answered, and said, “Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite who is skillful in playing, a mighty man of valor, a man of war, prudent in speech, and a handsome person; and Yahweh is with him.”
19Therefore Saul sent messengers to Jesse, and said, “Send me David your son, who is with the sheep.”
20Jesse took a donkey loaded with bread, and a container of wine, and a young goat, and sent them by David his son to Saul.
21David came to Saul, and stood before him. He loved him greatly; and he became his armor bearer.
22Saul sent to Jesse, saying, “Please let David stand before me; for he has found favor in my sight.”
23When the spirit from God was on Saul, David took the harp, and played with his hand; so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.
Key verses
But Yahweh said to Samuel, “Don’t look on his face, or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for I don’t see as man sees. For man looks at the outward appearance, but Yahweh looks at the heart.”
Samuel judges by height and bearing, and God answers that he looks at something other than what strikes the eye. The verse has become a reference for how God chooses his servants: he examines the heart more than the appearance.
Samuel said to Jesse, “Are all your children here?” He said, “There remains yet the youngest. Behold, he is keeping the sheep.” Samuel said to Jesse, “Send and get him, for we will not sit down until he comes here.”
David was not even present: he was tending the sheep. The story stresses that the one nobody had thought to call is the one God has chosen.
Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the middle of his brothers. Then Yahweh’s Spirit came mightily on David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up and went to Ramah.
David is anointed in the midst of his brothers and the Spirit of the Lord comes on him from that day. The anointing does not make him king on the spot: he goes back to the sheep, and the throne will come much later.
Now Yahweh’s Spirit departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from Yahweh troubled him.
At the moment the Spirit seizes David, he departs from Saul. The text places two destinies side by side: a rejected king who is restless and a young shepherd now accompanied by God.
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What the sermons say
Frequently asked questions about 1 Samuel 16
What does 1 Samuel 16:7 mean when it says the Lord looks at the heart?
God does not choose by height, bearing or status, as Samuel was tempted to do when he saw Eliab. In the Bible, the heart is the center of the person: desires, loyalty, relationship with God. The verse invites us not to judge others, or ourselves, on appearance alone.
Why did God reject Saul and choose David?
The chapter begins with the rejection of Saul as king, without detailing the reasons, which appear in the earlier chapters. God is looking for a different king: David, the youngest, busy with the sheep, is the one whose heart he says he has seen. The story stresses God's choice rather than David's visible qualities.
Why didn't David become king right after his anointing?
After the anointing, David goes back to the sheep, then enters Saul's service. It will take many years, marked by Goliath and the flight from Saul, before he reigns. Many readers see in it a time of preparation, where God's promise comes long before its visible fulfillment.
Articles quoting 1 Samuel 16
- What Is the Anointing According to the Bible?
- Faith Beyond Appearances: The Lesson of David Facing Goliath
- Mark 14: She Did What She Could, the Perfume of Nard
- 1 Samuel: From Eli to David, Four Models for Serving
- 2 Samuel 5: Train Your Hands To Hold What God Gives
- 1 Samuel 15: Humble Service Comes Before Titles
World English Bible translation — public domain.