The Bible — World English Bible
2 Samuel 12
In brief
After the adultery with Bathsheba and the murder of Uriah, God sends the prophet Nathan to David. Through a parable about a rich man who takes a poor man's lamb, Nathan leads the king to judge himself, then tells him: you are the man. David acknowledges his sin and receives forgiveness, but the consequences remain: the child dies, and the tragedy will touch his house. The chapter ends with the birth of Solomon and the capture of Rabbah.
The chapter in 5 parts
1Yahweh sent Nathan to David. He came to him, and said to him, “There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.
2The rich man had very many flocks and herds,
3but the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and raised. It grew up together with him, and with his children. It ate of his own food, drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was like a daughter to him.
4A traveler came to the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to prepare for the wayfaring man who had come to him, but took the poor man’s lamb, and prepared it for the man who had come to him.”
5David’s anger burned hot against the man, and he said to Nathan, “As Yahweh lives, the man who has done this deserves to die!
6He must restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity!”
7Nathan said to David, “You are the man. This is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul.
8I gave you your master’s house, and your master’s wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that would have been too little, I would have added to you many more such things.
9Why have you despised Yahweh’s word, to do that which is evil in his sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and have taken his wife to be your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.
10Now therefore the sword will never depart from your house, because you have despised me, and have taken Uriah the Hittite’s wife to be your wife.’
11“This is what Yahweh says: ‘Behold, I will raise up evil against you out of your own house; and I will take your wives before your eyes, and give them to your neighbor, and he will lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.
12For you did this secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.’ ”
13David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against Yahweh.” Nathan said to David, “Yahweh also has put away your sin. You will not die.
14However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to Yahweh’s enemies to blaspheme, the child also who is born to you will surely die.”
15Nathan departed to his house. Yahweh struck the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David, and it was very sick.
16David therefore begged God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night on the ground.
17The elders of his house arose beside him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, and he didn’t eat bread with them.
18On the seventh day, the child died. David’s servants were afraid to tell him that the child was dead, for they said, “Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke to him, and he didn’t listen to our voice. How will he then harm himself, if we tell him that the child is dead?”
19But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said to his servants, “Is the child dead?” They said, “He is dead.”
20Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his clothing; and he came into Yahweh’s house, and worshiped. Then he came to his own house; and when he requested, they set bread before him, and he ate.
21Then his servants said to him, “What is this that you have done? You fasted and wept for the child while he was alive, but when the child was dead, you rose up and ate bread.”
22He said, “While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, ‘Who knows whether Yahweh will not be gracious to me, that the child may live?’
23But now he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me.”
24David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her, and lay with her. She bore a son, and he called his name Solomon. Yahweh loved him;
25and he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet, and he named him Jedidiah, for Yahweh’s sake.
26Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
27Joab sent messengers to David, and said, “I have fought against Rabbah. Yes, I have taken the city of waters.
28Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it; lest I take the city, and it be called by my name.”
29David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.
30He took the crown of their king from off his head; and its weight was a talent of gold, and in it were precious stones; and it was set on David’s head. He brought a great quantity of plunder out of the city.
31He brought out the people who were in it, and put them under saws, under iron picks, under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brick kiln; and he did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.
Key verses
Nathan said to David, “You are the man. This is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul.
Nathan moves from the story to the person: you are the man. The prophet does not settle for a general lesson, he dares to confront a powerful king, and it is this direct word that saves David.
David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against Yahweh.” Nathan said to David, “Yahweh also has put away your sin. You will not die.
David's confession is brief and without excuse: I have sinned against the Lord. Nathan's answer is just as brief: the Lord has put away your sin, you shall not die. Forgiveness is given immediately.
However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to Yahweh’s enemies to blaspheme, the child also who is born to you will surely die.”
Forgiveness does not cancel every consequence. Here they are heavy and fall on the child. The text reminds us that a leader's sin has public effects.
But now he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me.”
After the child's death, David asks what use it would be to keep fasting, and says he will go to him. He accepts his loss without bitterness. Readers differ on the exact scope of this statement.
David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her, and lay with her. She bore a son, and he called his name Solomon. Yahweh loved him;
Solomon is born of the union of David and Bathsheba, after the mourning. The text says he was loved by the Lord, a sign that God continues his work despite the failure.
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Frequently asked questions about 2 Samuel 12
What does You are the man mean in 2 Samuel 12:7?
Nathan tells David the story of a rich man who took a poor man's only lamb. David is outraged, then the prophet tells him that this man is him. The parable led him to judge his own act before acknowledging it. The story shows how a truth spoken with courage and wisdom can reach a sleeping conscience.
Why does David's child die if God forgives?
Verse 13 announces forgiveness, verse 14 announces a consequence. The text does not explain further. Many see in it the distinction between forgiveness and consequences: God forgives the fault without erasing its effects. The story calls for caution rather than easy explanations in the face of a child's suffering.
What does 2 Samuel 12 teach about repentance?
David does not make excuses, he acknowledges: I have sinned against the Lord. Forgiveness is announced at once. Then he prays, accepts the consequences, gets up and worships. Biblical repentance is not only regret: it is acknowledging the fault before God, followed by a return to him. Psalm 51 is traditionally linked to this episode.
Articles quoting 2 Samuel 12
- Let's Work at Being Fruitful: Christ Formed in You
- Human Ambition, Divine Promise (1 Kings 1)
- David, Bathsheba, and Nathan: "You Are the Man!"
- Test Everything: 4 Traps to Discern Through the Word
- The Unforgiving Servant: What True Forgiveness Really Costs
- Understanding the Wars of Canaan in the Book of Joshua
World English Bible translation — public domain.