The Bible — World English Bible

Deuteronomy 2

In brief

In Deuteronomy 2, Moses reminds the new generation of Israel of the long march through the wilderness. God orders them to go around Seir, Moab and Ammon, related peoples to whom he has given their land: Israel must not attack them. He recalls that the generation of warriors passed away over thirty-eight years, then tells of the victory over Sihon, king of Heshbon. The chapter shows a faithful God who gives each people its land and leads Israel step by step.

The chapter in 3 parts

  1. v. 1-8Passing through Seir without attacking the sons of Esau
  2. v. 9-23Moab and Ammon: lands God has given to others
  3. v. 24-37The victory over Sihon, king of Heshbon

1Then we turned, and took our journey into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea, as Yahweh spoke to me; and we encircled Mount Seir many days.

2Yahweh spoke to me, saying,

3“You have encircled this mountain long enough. Turn northward.

4Command the people, saying, ‘You are to pass through the border of your brothers, the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir; and they will be afraid of you. Therefore be careful.

5Don’t contend with them; for I will not give you any of their land, no, not so much as for the sole of the foot to tread on, because I have given Mount Seir to Esau for a possession.

6You shall purchase food from them for money, that you may eat. You shall also buy water from them for money, that you may drink.’ ”

7For Yahweh your God has blessed you in all the work of your hands. He has known your walking through this great wilderness. These forty years, Yahweh your God has been with you. You have lacked nothing.

8So we passed by from our brothers, the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, from the way of the Arabah from Elath and from Ezion Geber. We turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab.

9Yahweh said to me, “Don’t bother Moab, neither contend with them in battle; for I will not give you any of his land for a possession, because I have given Ar to the children of Lot for a possession.”

10(The Emim lived there before, a great and numerous people, and tall as the Anakim.

11These also are considered to be Rephaim, as the Anakim; but the Moabites call them Emim.

12The Horites also lived in Seir in the past, but the children of Esau succeeded them. They destroyed them from before them, and lived in their place, as Israel did to the land of his possession, which Yahweh gave to them.)

13“Now rise up, and cross over the brook Zered.” We went over the brook Zered.

14The days in which we came from Kadesh Barnea until we had come over the brook Zered were thirty-eight years: until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the middle of the camp, as Yahweh swore to them.

15Moreover Yahweh’s hand was against them, to destroy them from the middle of the camp, until they were consumed.

16So, when all the men of war were consumed and dead from among the people,

17Yahweh spoke to me, saying,

18“You are to pass over Ar, the border of Moab, today.

19When you come near the border of the children of Ammon, don’t bother them, nor contend with them; for I will not give you any of the land of the children of Ammon for a possession, because I have given it to the children of Lot for a possession.”

20(That also is considered a land of Rephaim. Rephaim lived there in the past, but the Ammonites call them Zamzummim,

21a great people, many, and tall, as the Anakim; but Yahweh destroyed them from before Israel, and they succeeded them, and lived in their place;

22as he did for the children of Esau who dwell in Seir, when he destroyed the Horites from before them; and they succeeded them, and lived in their place even to this day.

23Then the Avvim, who lived in villages as far as Gaza: the Caphtorim, who came out of Caphtor, destroyed them and lived in their place.)

24“Rise up, take your journey, and pass over the valley of the Arnon. Behold, I have given into your hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land; begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle.

25Today I will begin to put the dread of you and the fear of you on the peoples who are under the whole sky, who shall hear the report of you, and shall tremble and be in anguish because of you.”

26I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth to Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying,

27“Let me pass through your land. I will go along by the highway. I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left.

28You shall sell me food for money, that I may eat; and give me water for money, that I may drink. Just let me pass through on my feet,

29as the children of Esau who dwell in Seir, and the Moabites who dwell in Ar, did to me; until I pass over the Jordan into the land which Yahweh our God gives us.”

30But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him; for Yahweh your God hardened his spirit and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into your hand, as it is today.

31Yahweh said to me, “Behold, I have begun to deliver up Sihon and his land before you. Begin to possess, that you may inherit his land.”

32Then Sihon came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Jahaz.

33Yahweh our God delivered him up before us; and we struck him, his sons, and all his people.

34We took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones. We left no one remaining.

35Only the livestock we took for plunder for ourselves, with the plunder of the cities which we had taken.

36From Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the city that is in the valley, even to Gilead, there was not a city too high for us. Yahweh our God delivered up all before us.

37Only to the land of the children of Ammon you didn’t come near: all the banks of the river Jabbok, and the cities of the hill country, and wherever Yahweh our God forbade us.

Key verses

Verse 3
“You have encircled this mountain long enough. Turn northward.

After circling the mountain for a long time, God tells the people to turn north. The verse marks the end of going around in circles and the start of a new direction.

Verse 5
Don’t contend with them; for I will not give you any of their land, no, not so much as for the sole of the foot to tread on, because I have given Mount Seir to Esau for a possession.

Israel must not attack the sons of Esau: God has given them Seir. The text reminds us that God also settles the fate of other peoples, and that the promise made to Israel does not authorize taking just any land.

Verse 7
For Yahweh your God has blessed you in all the work of your hands. He has known your walking through this great wilderness. These forty years, Yahweh your God has been with you. You have lacked nothing.

Moses recalls that God blessed the work of the people and went with them for forty years, so that they lacked nothing. The memory of God's faithfulness is the basis of trust for what comes next.

Verse 14
The days in which we came from Kadesh Barnea until we had come over the brook Zered were thirty-eight years: until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the middle of the camp, as Yahweh swore to them.

Thirty-eight years passed between Kadesh Barnea and the brook Zered, until the generation of warriors was gone. The verse recalls the price of the unbelief at Kadesh.

What the sermons say

Frequently asked questions about Deuteronomy 2

What does Deuteronomy 2:7 mean?

Moses reminds the people that God blessed them in the work of their hands, knew their journey through the great wilderness and was with them for forty years, so that they lacked nothing. The verse invites us to look back at the past and recognize God's faithfulness there, which gives courage to enter the future.

Why did Israel not attack Edom, Moab and Ammon?

Because God had given their lands to the sons of Esau and of Lot, who were related to Israel. He asks them to buy food and water rather than plunder. The promise made to Israel does not give it a right to every country: it concerns the land God has set aside for it.

What is the message of Deuteronomy 2?

The chapter reminds us that God leads his people step by step, respects the lands he has given to others, and lets the unbelieving generation pass away. It calls the new generation to remember, to obey and to move forward with confidence, because God fights for them as he did against Sihon.

Articles quoting Deuteronomy 2

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World English Bible translation — public domain.