The Bible — World English Bible
Deuteronomy 31
In brief
Deuteronomy 31 tells of the last moments of Moses before the entry into the promised land. At one hundred and twenty, he announces that he will not cross the Jordan, but that God will go before his people. He encourages Israel, then Joshua, his successor. Moses entrusts the law to the Levites and the elders, then God, in the tent of meeting, warns that the people will turn away after him and asks for a song to be written as a witness. The chapter mixes hope and realism.
The chapter in 4 parts
1Moses went and spoke these words to all Israel.
2He said to them, “I am one hundred twenty years old today. I can no more go out and come in. Yahweh has said to me, ‘You shall not go over this Jordan.’
3Yahweh your God himself will go over before you. He will destroy these nations from before you, and you shall dispossess them. Joshua will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken.
4Yahweh will do to them as he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their land, when he destroyed them.
5Yahweh will deliver them up before you, and you shall do to them according to all the commandment which I have commanded you.
6Be strong and courageous. Don’t be afraid or scared of them; for Yahweh your God himself is who goes with you. He will not fail you nor forsake you.”
7Moses called to Joshua, and said to him in the sight of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous, for you shall go with this people into the land which Yahweh has sworn to their fathers to give them; and you shall cause them to inherit it.
8Yahweh himself is who goes before you. He will be with you. He will not fail you nor forsake you. Don’t be afraid. Don’t be discouraged.”
9Moses wrote this law and delivered it to the priests the sons of Levi, who bore the ark of Yahweh’s covenant, and to all the elders of Israel.
10Moses commanded them, saying, “At the end of every seven years, in the set time of the year of release, in the feast of booths,
11when all Israel has come to appear before Yahweh your God in the place which he will choose, you shall read this law before all Israel in their hearing.
12Assemble the people, the men and the women and the little ones, and the foreigners who are within your gates, that they may hear, learn, fear Yahweh your God, and observe to do all the words of this law,
13and that their children, who have not known, may hear and learn to fear Yahweh your God, as long as you live in the land where you go over the Jordan to possess it.”
14Yahweh said to Moses, “Behold, your days approach that you must die. Call Joshua, and present yourselves in the Tent of Meeting, that I may commission him.” Moses and Joshua went, and presented themselves in the Tent of Meeting.
15Yahweh appeared in the Tent in a pillar of cloud, and the pillar of cloud stood over the Tent’s door.
16Yahweh said to Moses, “Behold, you shall sleep with your fathers. This people will rise up and play the prostitute after the strange gods of the land where they go to be among them, and will forsake me and break my covenant which I have made with them.
17Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall come on them; so that they will say in that day, ‘Haven’t these evils come on us because our God is not among us?’
18I will surely hide my face in that day for all the evil which they have done, in that they have turned to other gods.
19“Now therefore write this song for yourselves, and teach it to the children of Israel. Put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel.
20For when I have brought them into the land which I swore to their fathers, flowing with milk and honey, and they have eaten and filled themselves, and grown fat, then they will turn to other gods, and serve them, and despise me, and break my covenant.
21It will happen, when many evils and troubles have come on them, that this song will testify before them as a witness; for it will not be forgotten out of the mouths of their descendants; for I know their ways and what they are doing today, before I have brought them into the land which I promised them.”
22So Moses wrote this song the same day, and taught it to the children of Israel.
23He commissioned Joshua the son of Nun, and said, “Be strong and courageous; for you shall bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore to them. I will be with you.”
24When Moses had finished writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished,
25Moses commanded the Levites, who bore the ark of Yahweh’s covenant, saying,
26“Take this book of the law, and put it by the side of the ark of Yahweh your God’s covenant, that it may be there for a witness against you.
27For I know your rebellion and your stiff neck. Behold, while I am yet alive with you today, you have been rebellious against Yahweh. How much more after my death?
28Assemble to me all the elders of your tribes and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to witness against them.
29For I know that after my death you will utterly corrupt yourselves, and turn away from the way which I have commanded you; and evil will happen to you in the latter days, because you will do that which is evil in Yahweh’s sight, to provoke him to anger through the work of your hands.”
30Moses spoke in the ears of all the assembly of Israel the words of this song, until they were finished.
Key verses
Be strong and courageous. Don’t be afraid or scared of them; for Yahweh your God himself is who goes with you. He will not fail you nor forsake you.”
Moses commands courage, but he bases it on a promise: the Lord himself goes with the people, he will not leave them or forsake them. Courage does not come from the strength of the people but from the presence of God.
Moses called to Joshua, and said to him in the sight of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous, for you shall go with this people into the land which Yahweh has sworn to their fathers to give them; and you shall cause them to inherit it. Yahweh himself is who goes before you. He will be with you. He will not fail you nor forsake you. Don’t be afraid. Don’t be discouraged.”
Moses repeats the promise to Joshua in front of all Israel. The handover is done in public, and Moses does not put himself forward: he points to God, who goes ahead and stays with his successor.
“Now therefore write this song for yourselves, and teach it to the children of Israel. Put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel.
God asks for a song to be written and taught to the children of Israel. It will serve as a witness if the people forget. The memory of God is passed on through the word, praise and teaching.
He commissioned Joshua the son of Nun, and said, “Be strong and courageous; for you shall bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore to them. I will be with you.”
God speaks directly to Joshua to commission him: be strong, for you will bring Israel into the land, and I myself will be with you.
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Frequently asked questions about Deuteronomy 31
What does Deuteronomy 31:6 mean?
Moses tells Israel to be strong, because the Lord himself goes with them and will not abandon them. Biblical courage does not consist in believing you are strong: it relies on the faithful presence of God. The verse is often cited for those entering an uncertain stage.
Why does Moses not enter the promised land?
In verse 2, Moses recalls that God told him he would not cross the Jordan. He then hands the baton to Joshua. The text of this chapter does not give the reason, which is given elsewhere in the Pentateuch, but it shows a Moses who prepares for what comes next without bitterness.
What is the main message of Deuteronomy 31?
God is the one who goes before his people, even when the leader changes. The chapter calls for courage, for passing on the faith and for remembering the law. It is also realistic: God knows that the people will go astray, and provides a song as a witness.
Articles quoting Deuteronomy 31
- 20 Bible Verses for a Hospital Visit: Comfort, Presence and Peace
- 20 Bible Verses for Veterans and Soldiers: Courage, Peace and Integrity
- Deuteronomy 32 to 34: Do Not Forget God, Choose the Blessing
- Going Through the Storms of Life: Seven Truths to Know
- The Power of Forgiveness Erases the Debt You Carry
World English Bible translation — public domain.