The Bible — World English Bible
Exodus 19
In brief
Exodus 19 marks Israel's arrival at the foot of Mount Sinai, three months after leaving Egypt. God recalls what he has done for his people, then offers them his covenant: to become his own treasure, a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. The people commit themselves, prepare, and God comes down on the mountain in fire, smoke and the sound of the trumpet. The chapter stresses both the grace of God, who acts first, and the holiness before which no one approaches lightly.
The chapter in 4 parts
1In the third month after the children of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, on that same day they came into the wilderness of Sinai.
2When they had departed from Rephidim, and had come to the wilderness of Sinai, they encamped in the wilderness; and there Israel encamped before the mountain.
3Moses went up to God, and Yahweh called to him out of the mountain, saying, “This is what you shall tell the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel:
4‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings, and brought you to myself.
5Now therefore, if you will indeed obey my voice, and keep my covenant, then you shall be my own possession from among all peoples; for all the earth is mine;
6and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.’ These are the words which you shall speak to the children of Israel.”
7Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which Yahweh commanded him.
8All the people answered together, and said, “All that Yahweh has spoken we will do.” Moses reported the words of the people to Yahweh.
9Yahweh said to Moses, “Behold, I come to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and may also believe you forever.” Moses told the words of the people to Yahweh.
10Yahweh said to Moses, “Go to the people, and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their garments,
11and be ready for the third day; for on the third day Yahweh will come down in the sight of all the people on Mount Sinai.
12You shall set bounds to the people all around, saying, ‘Be careful that you don’t go up onto the mountain, or touch its border. Whoever touches the mountain shall be surely put to death.
13No hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned or shot through; whether it is animal or man, he shall not live.’ When the trumpet sounds long, they shall come up to the mountain.”
14Moses went down from the mountain to the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes.
15He said to the people, “Be ready by the third day. Don’t have sexual relations with a woman.”
16On the third day, when it was morning, there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of an exceedingly loud trumpet; and all the people who were in the camp trembled.
17Moses led the people out of the camp to meet God; and they stood at the lower part of the mountain.
18All of Mount Sinai smoked, because Yahweh descended on it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly.
19When the sound of the trumpet grew louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by a voice.
20Yahweh came down on Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain. Yahweh called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
21Yahweh said to Moses, “Go down, warn the people, lest they break through to Yahweh to gaze, and many of them perish.
22Let the priests also, who come near to Yahweh, sanctify themselves, lest Yahweh break out on them.”
23Moses said to Yahweh, “The people can’t come up to Mount Sinai, for you warned us, saying, ‘Set bounds around the mountain, and sanctify it.’ ”
24Yahweh said to him, “Go down! You shall bring Aaron up with you, but don’t let the priests and the people break through to come up to Yahweh, lest he break out against them.”
25So Moses went down to the people, and told them.
Key verses
‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings, and brought you to myself.
Before asking anything, God recalls what he has already done: Israel was carried on eagles' wings. Grace comes first, obedience is the response.
Now therefore, if you will indeed obey my voice, and keep my covenant, then you shall be my own possession from among all peoples; for all the earth is mine; and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.’ These are the words which you shall speak to the children of Israel.”
God calls Israel to be his own possession among all peoples, a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. Peter takes up this expression to describe the church in his first letter.
All the people answered together, and said, “All that Yahweh has spoken we will do.” Moses reported the words of the people to Yahweh.
The people commit together, with one voice, to do everything the Lord has said. The rest of the book will show that this promise is soon put to the test, which underlines the need for grace.
On the third day, when it was morning, there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of an exceedingly loud trumpet; and all the people who were in the camp trembled. Moses led the people out of the camp to meet God; and they stood at the lower part of the mountain. All of Mount Sinai smoked, because Yahweh descended on it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly.
Thunder, lightning, trumpet and a mountain on fire: meeting with God is awe-inspiring. The text expresses the majesty and holiness of God, before whom the people tremble.
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What the sermons say
Frequently asked questions about Exodus 19
What does “a kingdom of priests” mean in Exodus 19:6?
God wants the whole people, and not only one family of priests, to be devoted to him and to serve as a link between the nations and God. In the New Testament, Peter applies this expression to the church. Christian traditions understand it in slightly different ways, but all see in it a call to holiness and witness.
What is the main message of Exodus 19?
God, who set his people free, now comes to make a covenant with them. He recalls his grace, offers a calling and reveals himself in his majesty. The chapter teaches that we can approach God with confidence because he took the initiative, but with respect before his holiness.
Why could the people not touch the mountain?
God sets limits around Sinai (verses 12 and 23) to show that he is holy and that sinful people cannot approach him without preparation. These barriers remind us of the distance to be crossed, which Christians see bridged by the work of Jesus Christ.
Articles quoting Exodus 19
- Recovering the Sense of the Sacred to Build with God
- Set Apart for God: Stepping Into Your Royal Priesthood
- Exodus 19: Being a Priest, a Calling That Costs Something
- Matthew 5: Bearing God's Name by Loving Your Enemies
- Deuteronomy 6: A People Who Listen to God Together
- Joshua 6: You Are a Shofar in Spiritual Warfare
World English Bible translation — public domain.