The Bible — World English Bible

Genesis 21

In brief

Genesis 21 tells how the promise made to Abraham comes true: Sarah, in her old age, gives birth to Isaac, and her astonished laughter turns into laughter of joy. But the joy comes with a painful break: Hagar and her son Ishmael are sent away. In the wilderness of Beersheba, when the water runs out, God hears the boy crying and opens Hagar's eyes to a well. The chapter ends with Abraham's covenant with Abimelech and a tree planted to call on the Lord, the Everlasting God.

The chapter in 4 parts

  1. v. 1-7God keeps his word: the birth of Isaac
  2. v. 8-13The feast cut short: Hagar and Ishmael sent away
  3. v. 14-21In the wilderness, God hears the boy's voice
  4. v. 22-34The covenant at Beersheba and the Everlasting God

1Yahweh visited Sarah as he had said, and Yahweh did to Sarah as he had spoken.

2Sarah conceived, and bore Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him.

3Abraham called his son who was born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac.

4Abraham circumcised his son, Isaac, when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

5Abraham was one hundred years old when his son, Isaac, was born to him.

6Sarah said, “God has made me laugh. Everyone who hears will laugh with me.”

7She said, “Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? For I have borne him a son in his old age.”

8The child grew and was weaned. Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned.

9Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, mocking.

10Therefore she said to Abraham, “Cast out this servant and her son! For the son of this servant will not be heir with my son, Isaac.”

11The thing was very grievous in Abraham’s sight on account of his son.

12God said to Abraham, “Don’t let it be grievous in your sight because of the boy, and because of your servant. In all that Sarah says to you, listen to her voice. For your offspring will be named through Isaac.

13I will also make a nation of the son of the servant, because he is your child.”

14Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread and a container of water, and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder; and gave her the child, and sent her away. She departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.

15The water in the container was spent, and she put the child under one of the shrubs.

16She went and sat down opposite him, a good way off, about a bow shot away. For she said, “Don’t let me see the death of the child.” She sat opposite him, and lifted up her voice, and wept.

17God heard the voice of the boy. The angel of God called to Hagar out of the sky, and said to her, “What troubles you, Hagar? Don’t be afraid. For God has heard the voice of the boy where he is.

18Get up, lift up the boy, and hold him with your hand. For I will make him a great nation.”

19God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. She went, filled the container with water, and gave the boy a drink.

20God was with the boy, and he grew. He lived in the wilderness, and as he grew up, became an archer.

21He lived in the wilderness of Paran. His mother got a wife for him out of the land of Egypt.

22At that time, Abimelech and Phicol the captain of his army spoke to Abraham, saying, “God is with you in all that you do.

23Now, therefore, swear to me here by God that you will not deal falsely with me, nor with my son, nor with my son’s son. But according to the kindness that I have done to you, you shall do to me, and to the land in which you have lived as a foreigner.”

24Abraham said, “I will swear.”

25Abraham complained to Abimelech because of a water well, which Abimelech’s servants had violently taken away.

26Abimelech said, “I don’t know who has done this thing. You didn’t tell me, and I didn’t hear of it until today.”

27Abraham took sheep and cattle, and gave them to Abimelech. Those two made a covenant.

28Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves.

29Abimelech said to Abraham, “What do these seven ewe lambs, which you have set by themselves, mean?”

30He said, “You shall take these seven ewe lambs from my hand, that it may be a witness to me, that I have dug this well.”

31Therefore he called that place Beersheba, because they both swore an oath there.

32So they made a covenant at Beersheba. Abimelech rose up with Phicol, the captain of his army, and they returned into the land of the Philistines.

33Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beersheba, and called there on the name of Yahweh, the Everlasting God.

34Abraham lived as a foreigner in the land of the Philistines many days.

Key verses

Verse 1-2
Yahweh visited Sarah as he had said, and Yahweh did to Sarah as he had spoken. Sarah conceived, and bore Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him.

God remembers what he said and acts at the time he had set. The promise seemed impossible for years, yet it comes true without God having forgotten anything.

Verse 12-13
God said to Abraham, “Don’t let it be grievous in your sight because of the boy, and because of your servant. In all that Sarah says to you, listen to her voice. For your offspring will be named through Isaac. I will also make a nation of the son of the servant, because he is your child.”

God reassures Abraham, torn by the sending away of his firstborn: the promise will pass through Isaac, but Ishmael will not be abandoned and will also become a nation.

Verse 17
God heard the voice of the boy. The angel of God called to Hagar out of the sky, and said to her, “What troubles you, Hagar? Don’t be afraid. For God has heard the voice of the boy where he is.

In the wilderness, God hears the boy's voice and calls Hagar by name. He sees situations that nobody else sees and answers the distress of those who seem forgotten.

Verse 19
God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. She went, filled the container with water, and gave the boy a drink.

The well was already there: God opens Hagar's eyes and she sees it. Sometimes the answer does not fall from the sky, it is revealed to the one who had stopped looking.

Verse 33
Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beersheba, and called there on the name of Yahweh, the Everlasting God.

Abraham plants a tamarisk tree at Beersheba and calls on the Lord as the Everlasting God. Once peace is restored, he turns his life toward the one who outlasts his blessings.

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Frequently asked questions about Genesis 21

Why did Abraham send Hagar and Ishmael away?

Sarah could not bear to see Hagar's son playing with Isaac and wanted him kept from the inheritance. Abraham was deeply grieved, but God told him to listen to Sarah: the promise would pass through Isaac. God added that he would also make Ishmael a nation, and he watched over him in the wilderness.

What does Sarah's laughter mean in Genesis 21?

In chapter 18, Sarah had laughed in disbelief when she heard she would have a son. Here she says that God has given her cause to laugh: it is laughter of joy and amazement. The name Isaac means he laughs. It is a reminder that God fulfils what seemed impossible.

What is the message of Genesis 21?

God is faithful to his promises, even when the wait lasts for years, and he does not forget those who suffer on the margins of the story. Isaac's birth shows his faithfulness, the scene in the wilderness shows his compassion for Hagar and Ishmael, and Beersheba invites us to turn our lives toward the Everlasting God.

Articles quoting Genesis 21

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World English Bible translation — public domain.