The Bible — World English Bible
Jonah 4
In brief
Jonah 4 is the last chapter of the book. After Nineveh repents, Jonah is angry and complains to God for being compassionate: he would rather die than see his enemies spared. God questions him, makes a plant grow to give him shade, then has a worm make it wither. Jonah grieves over the plant. The book ends with no answer from the prophet, on a question from God: should he not have pity on Nineveh, that great city? The chapter reveals a God whose mercy goes beyond our preferences.
The chapter in 3 parts
1But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was angry.
2He prayed to Yahweh, and said, “Please, Yahweh, wasn’t this what I said when I was still in my own country? Therefore I hurried to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that you are a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and you relent of doing harm.
3Therefore now, Yahweh, take, I beg you, my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live.”
4Yahweh said, “Is it right for you to be angry?”
5Then Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made himself a booth, and sat under it in the shade, until he might see what would become of the city.
6Yahweh God prepared a vine, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his discomfort. So Jonah was exceedingly glad because of the vine.
7But God prepared a worm at dawn the next day, and it chewed on the vine, so that it withered.
8When the sun arose, God prepared a sultry east wind; and the sun beat on Jonah’s head, so that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said, “It is better for me to die than to live.”
9God said to Jonah, “Is it right for you to be angry about the vine?” He said, “I am right to be angry, even to death.”
10Yahweh said, “You have been concerned for the vine, for which you have not labored, neither made it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night.
11Shouldn’t I be concerned for Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred twenty thousand persons who can’t discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much livestock?”
Key verses
He prayed to Yahweh, and said, “Please, Yahweh, wasn’t this what I said when I was still in my own country? Therefore I hurried to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that you are a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and you relent of doing harm.
Jonah admits that God is compassionate and slow to anger, and that is precisely what drove him to flee. He knows God, but does not want his grace to reach his enemies.
Yahweh said, “Is it right for you to be angry?”
God does not answer anger with anger but with a gentle question, which invites Jonah to examine his heart.
Yahweh said, “You have been concerned for the vine, for which you have not labored, neither made it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night. Shouldn’t I be concerned for Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred twenty thousand persons who can’t discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much livestock?”
God compares Jonah's pity for a plant with his own compassion for a great city. The book ends on this open question, put to the reader as much as to Jonah.
Shouldn’t I be concerned for Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred twenty thousand persons who can’t discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much livestock?”
God points to the more than 120,000 people of Nineveh who cannot tell their right hand from their left, and even the many animals. His compassion extends to all.
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Frequently asked questions about Jonah 4
Why is Jonah angry in Jonah 4?
Jonah wanted Nineveh to be destroyed. When the city repents and God spares it, he is irritated and says he knew that God is compassionate, slow to anger and rich in kindness. He had fled because he feared this pardon granted to the enemies of his people. His anger reveals a heart that does not agree with God's.
What does the plant represent in the book of Jonah?
The plant gives Jonah shade for a day, then withers. Jonah grieves over a plant he neither planted nor watered. God uses it to ask him why he should have less pity for a city of more than 120,000 people. The plant is a tool for a lesson.
Why does the book of Jonah end without an answer?
The book ends on God's question in verse 11, without saying how Jonah answers. This open ending invites each reader to answer for themselves. It raises the question of whether we accept that God's mercy extends to those we find hard to love.
Articles quoting Jonah 4
World English Bible translation — public domain.