The Bible — World English Bible
Numbers 18
In brief
Numbers 18 comes after the rebellion of Korah and Aaron's staff that budded. God sets out the service of the sanctuary: Aaron and his sons hold the priesthood, the other Levites assist them, and no outsider may approach the holy place. So that they can devote themselves to this service, the priests receive a share of the sacrifices, the firstfruits and the firstborn. The Levites have no territory: God is their inheritance, and they live on the people's tithe, of which they themselves give back a tenth. Christians differ on how the tithe applies today.
The chapter in 4 parts
1Yahweh said to Aaron, “You and your sons and your fathers’ house with you shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary; and you and your sons with you shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood.
2Bring your brothers also, the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father, near with you, that they may be joined to you, and minister to you; but you and your sons with you shall be before the Tent of the Testimony.
3They shall keep your commands and the duty of the whole Tent; only they shall not come near to the vessels of the sanctuary and to the altar, that they not die, neither they nor you.
4They shall be joined to you and keep the responsibility of the Tent of Meeting, for all the service of the Tent. A stranger shall not come near to you.
5“You shall perform the duty of the sanctuary and the duty of the altar, that there be no more wrath on the children of Israel.
6Behold, I myself have taken your brothers the Levites from among the children of Israel. They are a gift to you, dedicated to Yahweh, to do the service of the Tent of Meeting.
7You and your sons with you shall keep your priesthood for everything of the altar, and for that within the veil. You shall serve. I give you the service of the priesthood as a gift. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death.”
8Yahweh spoke to Aaron, “Behold, I myself have given you the command of my wave offerings, even all the holy things of the children of Israel. I have given them to you by reason of the anointing, and to your sons, as a portion forever.
9This shall be yours of the most holy things from the fire: every offering of theirs, even every meal offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render to me, shall be most holy for you and for your sons.
10You shall eat of it like the most holy things. Every male shall eat of it. It shall be holy to you.
11“This is yours, too: the wave offering of their gift, even all the wave offerings of the children of Israel. I have given them to you, and to your sons and to your daughters with you, as a portion forever. Everyone who is clean in your house shall eat of it.
12“I have given to you all the best of the oil, all the best of the vintage, and of the grain, the first fruits of them which they give to Yahweh.
13The first-ripe fruits of all that is in their land, which they bring to Yahweh, shall be yours. Everyone who is clean in your house shall eat of it.
14“Everything devoted in Israel shall be yours.
15Everything that opens the womb, of all flesh which they offer to Yahweh, both of man and animal, shall be yours. Nevertheless, you shall surely redeem the firstborn of man, and you shall redeem the firstborn of unclean animals.
16You shall redeem those who are to be redeemed of them from a month old, according to your estimation, for five shekels of money, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, which weighs twenty gerahs.
17“But you shall not redeem the firstborn of a cow, or the firstborn of a sheep, or the firstborn of a goat. They are holy. You shall sprinkle their blood on the altar, and shall burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.
18Their meat shall be yours, as the wave offering breast and as the right thigh, it shall be yours.
19All the wave offerings of the holy things which the children of Israel offer to Yahweh, I have given you and your sons and your daughters with you, as a portion forever. It is a covenant of salt forever before Yahweh to you and to your offspring with you.”
20Yahweh said to Aaron, “You shall have no inheritance in their land, neither shall you have any portion among them. I am your portion and your inheritance among the children of Israel.
21“To the children of Levi, behold, I have given all the tithe in Israel for an inheritance, in return for their service which they serve, even the service of the Tent of Meeting.
22Henceforth the children of Israel shall not come near the Tent of Meeting, lest they bear sin, and die.
23But the Levites shall do the service of the Tent of Meeting, and they shall bear their iniquity. It shall be a statute forever throughout your generations. Among the children of Israel, they shall have no inheritance.
24For the tithe of the children of Israel, which they offer as a wave offering to Yahweh, I have given to the Levites for an inheritance. Therefore I have said to them, ‘Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.’ ”
25Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
26“Moreover you shall speak to the Levites, and tell them, ‘When you take of the children of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then you shall offer up a wave offering of it for Yahweh, a tithe of the tithe.
27Your wave offering shall be credited to you, as though it were the grain of the threshing floor, and as the fullness of the wine press.
28Thus you also shall offer a wave offering to Yahweh of all your tithes, which you receive of the children of Israel; and of it you shall give Yahweh’s wave offering to Aaron the priest.
29Out of all your gifts, you shall offer every wave offering to Yahweh, of all its best parts, even the holy part of it.’
30“Therefore you shall tell them, ‘When you heave its best from it, then it shall be credited to the Levites as the increase of the threshing floor, and as the increase of the wine press.
31You may eat it anywhere, you and your households, for it is your reward in return for your service in the Tent of Meeting.
32You shall bear no sin by reason of it, when you have heaved from it its best. You shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, that you not die.’ ”
Key verses
Yahweh said to Aaron, “You and your sons and your fathers’ house with you shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary; and you and your sons with you shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood.
Aaron and his sons bear the responsibility for offenses connected with the sanctuary. The verb to bear here points to the burden of the service, not only to a punishment: the priesthood is a responsibility.
“You shall perform the duty of the sanctuary and the duty of the altar, that there be no more wrath on the children of Israel.
The care of the sanctuary and the altar is entrusted to the priests so that wrath no longer falls on Israel. The order God gave protects the life of the people.
Yahweh said to Aaron, “You shall have no inheritance in their land, neither shall you have any portion among them. I am your portion and your inheritance among the children of Israel.
Aaron will have no inheritance in the land: God is his portion and his inheritance. The priest does not expect his security from an estate but from the hand of God.
“To the children of Levi, behold, I have given all the tithe in Israel for an inheritance, in return for their service which they serve, even the service of the Tent of Meeting. Henceforth the children of Israel shall not come near the Tent of Meeting, lest they bear sin, and die. But the Levites shall do the service of the Tent of Meeting, and they shall bear their iniquity. It shall be a statute forever throughout your generations. Among the children of Israel, they shall have no inheritance. For the tithe of the children of Israel, which they offer as a wave offering to Yahweh, I have given to the Levites for an inheritance. Therefore I have said to them, ‘Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.’ ”
Israel's tithe is given to the Levites in exchange for their service. It supports those who devote themselves to worship and have no territory. Christians do not agree on whether the tithe is binding today.
“Moreover you shall speak to the Levites, and tell them, ‘When you take of the children of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then you shall offer up a wave offering of it for Yahweh, a tithe of the tithe.
The Levites themselves set apart a tithe of what they receive. Even those who live on the people's gifts give in turn to God.
Bible verses to meditate on
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What the sermons say
Frequently asked questions about Numbers 18
What does it mean that God is the portion and inheritance of the Levites in Numbers 18:20?
The Levites and priests receive no territory in Canaan, unlike the other tribes. God tells them that he himself is their portion. Their livelihood depends on their service and the people's gifts, not on an estate. Several preachers draw from it the idea that God is the believer's true treasure.
What is the tithe according to Numbers 18?
It is a tenth of the people's produce, given to the Levites for their service in the sanctuary (verses 21 to 24). The Levites in turn give a tenth of it to the priests. Christians differ: some see it as a principle still valid, others as a framework belonging to the old covenant, with free giving today.
Why must the Levites give a tithe of the tithe?
Numbers 18:26 asks the Levites to set apart a tenth of the tithe they receive, for Aaron the priest. The text shows that no one is exempt from giving to God, even those who live on the gifts of others. The principle recalls that everything comes from God.
Articles quoting Numbers 18
World English Bible translation — public domain.