The Bible — World English Bible

Numbers 27

In brief

Numbers 27 has three scenes. The five daughters of Zelophehad, whose father died without sons, ask for an inheritance among their family, and God sides with them by setting a law of succession. God then tells Moses that he will see the promised land from the mountains of Abarim without entering it. Moses then asks for a shepherd for the people, and God appoints Joshua, whom he installs before Eleazar and the whole assembly by the laying on of hands.

The chapter in 3 parts

  1. v. 1-11Zelophehad's daughters claim an inheritance
  2. v. 12-14Moses sees the promised land without entering it
  3. v. 15-23A shepherd for the people: Joshua is appointed

1Then the daughters of Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of Manasseh the son of Joseph came near. These are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.

2They stood before Moses, before Eleazar the priest, and before the princes and all the congregation, at the door of the Tent of Meeting, saying,

3“Our father died in the wilderness. He was not among the company of those who gathered themselves together against Yahweh in the company of Korah, but he died in his own sin. He had no sons.

4Why should the name of our father be taken away from among his family, because he had no son? Give to us a possession among the brothers of our father.”

5Moses brought their cause before Yahweh.

6Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

7“The daughters of Zelophehad speak right. You shall surely give them a possession of an inheritance among their father’s brothers. You shall cause the inheritance of their father to pass to them.

8You shall speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘If a man dies, and has no son, then you shall cause his inheritance to pass to his daughter.

9If he has no daughter, then you shall give his inheritance to his brothers.

10If he has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to his father’s brothers.

11If his father has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to his kinsman who is next to him of his family, and he shall possess it. This shall be a statute and ordinance for the children of Israel, as Yahweh commanded Moses.’ ”

12Yahweh said to Moses, “Go up into this mountain of Abarim, and see the land which I have given to the children of Israel.

13When you have seen it, you also shall be gathered to your people, as Aaron your brother was gathered;

14because in the strife of the congregation, you rebelled against my word in the wilderness of Zin, to honor me as holy at the waters before their eyes.” (These are the waters of Meribah of Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin.)

15Moses spoke to Yahweh, saying,

16“Let Yahweh, the God of the spirits of all flesh, appoint a man over the congregation,

17who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in, that the congregation of Yahweh may not be as sheep which have no shepherd.”

18Yahweh said to Moses, “Take Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him.

19Set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation; and commission him in their sight.

20You shall give authority to him, that all the congregation of the children of Israel may obey.

21He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall inquire for him by the judgment of the Urim before Yahweh. At his word they shall go out, and at his word they shall come in, both he and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation.”

22Moses did as Yahweh commanded him. He took Joshua, and set him before Eleazar the priest and before all the congregation.

23He laid his hands on him and commissioned him, as Yahweh spoke by Moses.

Key verses

Verse 4
Why should the name of our father be taken away from among his family, because he had no son? Give to us a possession among the brothers of our father.”

The daughters refuse to let their father's name disappear because he had no son. They do not rebel: they go to the leaders and ask for their share of the promised land.

Verse 5
Moses brought their cause before Yahweh.

Moses does not decide alone, he brings the case before the Lord. The verse shows a way of handling situations that are beyond us: present them to God rather than patching together a solution.

Verse 7
“The daughters of Zelophehad speak right. You shall surely give them a possession of an inheritance among their father’s brothers. You shall cause the inheritance of their father to pass to them.

God tells Zelophehad's daughters that they are right and grants them a possession. He opens to women a right of inheritance in a setting where this was not a given.

Verse 16-17
“Let Yahweh, the God of the spirits of all flesh, appoint a man over the congregation, who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in, that the congregation of Yahweh may not be as sheep which have no shepherd.”

Moses asks God for a man to lead the assembly, so that it will not be like sheep without a shepherd. This image returns in the Gospel of Mark, where it is applied to Jesus.

Verse 18
Yahweh said to Moses, “Take Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him.

God chooses Joshua, son of Nun, a man in whom the Spirit dwells. The succession happens through a public gesture, the laying on of hands, and not through a family inheritance.

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Frequently asked questions about Numbers 27

Who are Zelophehad's daughters in Numbers 27?

They are five sisters, Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah and Tirzah, from the tribe of Manasseh. Their father died in the wilderness without sons. They ask Moses for a possession among their father's brothers, and God sides with them by establishing an inheritance rule for all Israel.

What is the main message of Numbers 27?

The chapter shows a God who is attentive to justice for the most vulnerable, who listens to the request of Zelophehad's daughters. It also shows the passing on of leadership: Moses does not cling to his place, he asks for a shepherd for the people, and God appoints Joshua.

What does the image of sheep without a shepherd in Numbers 27:17 mean?

Moses asks God for a leader so that the assembly will not be like sheep without a shepherd, that is, left to itself. The expression returns in the Gospel of Mark about the crowd following Jesus, which invites us to see in him the true shepherd.

Articles quoting Numbers 27

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World English Bible translation — public domain.