The Bible — World English Bible
Romans 11
In brief
Romans 11 answers a question that follows from the earlier chapters: has God rejected his people Israel? Paul answers no. There is a remnant chosen by grace, the hardening of part of Israel has opened salvation to the nations, and it must not breed pride. The image of the olive tree shows the nations grafted onto a holy root, and Paul announces a mystery: Israel will not be hardened forever. The chapter ends with a cry of worship before the depth of God's ways.
The chapter in 5 parts
- v. 1-10God has not rejected his people: a remnant chosen by grace
- v. 11-16Israel's stumbling opens salvation to the nations
- v. 17-24The olive tree: a grafting that leaves no room for pride
- v. 25-32The mystery: all Israel will be saved, God shows mercy to all
- v. 33-36Doxology: the depth of the riches of God
1I ask then, did God reject his people? May it never be! For I also am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.
2God didn’t reject his people, which he foreknew. Or don’t you know what the Scripture says about Elijah? How he pleads with God against Israel:
3“Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have broken down your altars. I am left alone, and they seek my life.”
4But how does God answer him? “I have reserved for myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”
5Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.
6And if by grace, then it is no longer of works; otherwise grace is no longer grace. But if it is of works, it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work.
7What then? That which Israel seeks for, that he didn’t obtain, but the chosen ones obtained it, and the rest were hardened.
8According as it is written, “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, to this very day.”
9David says, “Let their table be made a snare, a trap, a stumbling block, and a retribution to them.
10Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see. Always keep their backs bent.”
11I ask then, did they stumble that they might fall? May it never be! But by their fall salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy.
12Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?
13For I speak to you who are Gentiles. Since then as I am an apostle to Gentiles, I glorify my ministry;
14if by any means I may provoke to jealousy those who are my flesh, and may save some of them.
15For if the rejection of them is the reconciling of the world, what would their acceptance be, but life from the dead?
16If the first fruit is holy, so is the lump. If the root is holy, so are the branches.
17But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them and became partaker with them of the root and of the richness of the olive tree,
18don’t boast over the branches. But if you boast, it is not you who support the root, but the root supports you.
19You will say then, “Branches were broken off, that I might be grafted in.”
20True; by their unbelief they were broken off, and you stand by your faith. Don’t be conceited, but fear;
21for if God didn’t spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you.
22See then the goodness and severity of God. Toward those who fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in his goodness; otherwise you also will be cut off.
23They also, if they don’t continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.
24For if you were cut out of that which is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree, how much more will these, which are the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?
25For I don’t desire you to be ignorant, brothers, of this mystery, so that you won’t be wise in your own conceits, that a partial hardening has happened to Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in,
26and so all Israel will be saved. Even as it is written, “There will come out of Zion the Deliverer, and he will turn away ungodliness from Jacob.
27This is my covenant with them, when I will take away their sins.”
28Concerning the Good News, they are enemies for your sake. But concerning the election, they are beloved for the fathers’ sake.
29For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.
30For as you in time past were disobedient to God, but now have obtained mercy by their disobedience,
31even so these also have now been disobedient, that by the mercy shown to you they may also obtain mercy.
32For God has bound all to disobedience, that he might have mercy on all.
33Oh the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out!
34“For who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?”
35“Or who has first given to him, and it will be repaid to him again?”
36For of him, and through him, and to him are all things. To him be the glory for ever! Amen.
Key verses
And if by grace, then it is no longer of works; otherwise grace is no longer grace. But if it is of works, it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work.
Paul lays down a simple rule: grace and works exclude each other. If salvation could be earned, it would no longer be a gift.
True; by their unbelief they were broken off, and you stand by your faith. Don’t be conceited, but fear; for if God didn’t spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you. See then the goodness and severity of God. Toward those who fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in his goodness; otherwise you also will be cut off.
The nations stand by faith, not by merit. Paul invites us to consider the kindness and severity of God, and not to boast at the expense of the branches cut off.
and so all Israel will be saved. Even as it is written, “There will come out of Zion the Deliverer, and he will turn away ungodliness from Jacob.
Paul announces that all Israel will be saved. The meaning of this phrase is debated: some see a large future turning of the Jewish people, others all believers from both Jews and the nations.
For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.
God's gifts and calling are irrevocable: he does not go back on his commitments. This is the guarantee of his faithfulness to Israel.
Oh the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out! “For who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?” “Or who has first given to him, and it will be repaid to him again?” For of him, and through him, and to him are all things. To him be the glory for ever! Amen.
Before the depth of God's riches, Paul stops arguing and worships. Everything comes from God, through him and to him.
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Frequently asked questions about Romans 11
What does Romans 11 say about Israel?
Paul affirms that God has not rejected his people. Part of Israel was hardened, but a remnant is saved by grace, and Paul announces that the hardening is not final. Believers from the nations are grafted onto Israel's olive tree, without replacing it. Churches discuss how this return will happen, but the text clearly affirms God's faithfulness.
What does the olive tree mean in Romans 11?
The olive tree represents the people of God. Some natural branches, from Israel, were cut off because of unbelief. Believers from the nations, a wild olive, were grafted in their place and draw nourishment from the root. Paul draws a lesson: no pride, because the root supports the branches and not the other way around.
What does Romans 11:26 mean, all Israel will be saved?
Interpretations differ. Some read a large turning of the Jewish people to Christ before the end of time. Others understand Israel as the whole people of God, Jews and non-Jews. All recognize that Paul proclaims here the mercy of God, who has shut up all in disobedience so that he may have mercy on all.
Articles quoting Romans 11
World English Bible translation — public domain.