The Bible — World English Bible

Exodus 33

In brief

Exodus 33 follows the sin of the golden calf. God will not go up among a stiff-necked people, and the people mourn. Moses sets up the tent of meeting outside the camp, where God speaks with him face to face. He intercedes, refuses to leave without God's presence and receives the promise “My presence will go with you.” He then asks to see God's glory, and God makes his goodness pass before him and hides him in the cleft of the rock.

The chapter in 4 parts

  1. v. 1-6God will not go among a stiff-necked people
  2. v. 7-11The tent of meeting: God speaks with Moses face to face
  3. v. 12-17Moses' intercession: “If your presence doesn’t go with me”
  4. v. 18-23“Show me your glory”: the cleft of the rock

1Yahweh spoke to Moses, “Depart, go up from here, you and the people that you have brought up out of the land of Egypt, to the land of which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your offspring.’

2I will send an angel before you; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

3Go to a land flowing with milk and honey; but I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people, lest I consume you on the way.”

4When the people heard this evil news, they mourned; and no one put on his jewelry.

5Yahweh had said to Moses, “Tell the children of Israel, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. If I were to go up among you for one moment, I would consume you. Therefore now take off your jewelry from you, that I may know what to do to you.’ ”

6The children of Israel stripped themselves of their jewelry from Mount Horeb onward.

7Now Moses used to take the tent and pitch it outside the camp, far away from the camp, and he called it “The Tent of Meeting.” Everyone who sought Yahweh went out to the Tent of Meeting, which was outside the camp.

8When Moses went out to the Tent, all the people rose up, and stood, everyone at their tent door, and watched Moses, until he had gone into the Tent.

9When Moses entered into the Tent, the pillar of cloud descended, stood at the door of the Tent, and Yahweh spoke with Moses.

10All the people saw the pillar of cloud stand at the door of the Tent, and all the people rose up and worshiped, everyone at their tent door.

11Yahweh spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. He turned again into the camp, but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, didn’t depart from the Tent.

12Moses said to Yahweh, “Behold, you tell me, ‘Bring up this people;’ and you haven’t let me know whom you will send with me. Yet you have said, ‘I know you by name, and you have also found favor in my sight.’

13Now therefore, if I have found favor in your sight, please show me your way, now, that I may know you, so that I may find favor in your sight; and consider that this nation is your people.”

14He said, “My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.”

15Moses said to him, “If your presence doesn’t go with me, don’t carry us up from here.

16For how would people know that I have found favor in your sight, I and your people? Isn’t it that you go with us, so that we are separated, I and your people, from all the people who are on the surface of the earth?”

17Yahweh said to Moses, “I will do this thing also that you have spoken; for you have found favor in my sight, and I know you by name.”

18Moses said, “Please show me your glory.”

19He said, “I will make all my goodness pass before you, and will proclaim Yahweh’s name before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.”

20He said, “You cannot see my face, for man may not see me and live.”

21Yahweh also said, “Behold, there is a place by me, and you shall stand on the rock.

22It will happen, while my glory passes by, that I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and will cover you with my hand until I have passed by;

23then I will take away my hand, and you will see my back; but my face shall not be seen.”

Key verses

Verse 11
Yahweh spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. He turned again into the camp, but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, didn’t depart from the Tent.

God spoke to Moses “face to face, as a man speaks to his friend.” The expression speaks of closeness, not of a complete vision: verse 20 makes clear that no one can see God's face and live.

Verse 14-15
He said, “My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.” Moses said to him, “If your presence doesn’t go with me, don’t carry us up from here.

God promises, “My presence will go with you,” and Moses refuses to leave without that presence. For him, the promised land is worth nothing if God is not there. The presence matters more than the destination.

Verse 18
Moses said, “Please show me your glory.”

“Please show me your glory!” is the cry of a man who already knows God and wants more. Here, prayer is born from intimacy, not from a lack of faith.

Verse 19
He said, “I will make all my goodness pass before you, and will proclaim Yahweh’s name before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.”

In reply, God promises to make “all my goodness” pass before Moses and to proclaim his name. God's glory shows itself first as goodness and grace, before it shows itself as power.

Verse 22
It will happen, while my glory passes by, that I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and will cover you with my hand until I have passed by;

The cleft of the rock is a place of protection: God covers Moses with his hand while his glory passes by. Many Christians see here an image of Christ, in whom we can approach God's glory without being consumed.

Bible verses to meditate on

What the sermons say

Frequently asked questions about Exodus 33

What does “Show me your glory” mean in Exodus 33?

Moses asks God for a deeper experience of his presence, though God already speaks with him face to face. God agrees in part: he makes all his goodness pass before him and proclaims his name, but he refuses to show his face, because no one can see it and live. Moses sees only the glory of God passing by.

Why does God not want to go up with Israel at the start of Exodus 33?

After the sin of the golden calf, God declares that he will send an angel, but that he will not go up among a stiff-necked people, lest he consume them on the way. It is a word of holiness, which plunges the people into mourning. Moses then intercedes, and God reverses this announcement by promising to go with him himself.

What is the tent of meeting?

It is the tent that Moses sets up outside the camp and where he consults Yahweh. When Moses enters it, the pillar of cloud comes down at the entrance, and the people bow down. It is a place of meeting with God before the tabernacle was built.

What does the cleft of the rock represent?

God places Moses in a cleft of the rock and covers him with his hand while his glory passes by. The text first describes protection. Many Christians see here an image of Christ, in whom we can approach God, but the text itself does not say so.

Articles quoting Exodus 33

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World English Bible translation — public domain.