The Bible — World English Bible

Ezekiel 36

In brief

Ezekiel 36 announces, in the time of the exile, that God will restore his land and his people. He first speaks to the mountains of Israel, shamed by the nations, then recalls that the scattering came from the people's conduct. God promises to act for the honor of his name and not because of Israel: clean water, a new heart, his Spirit placed within his people, and then rebuilt cities. This text sheds light on the new heart and the Spirit given in Christ.

The chapter in 4 parts

  1. v. 1-15A word to the mountains of Israel: the end of the nations' scorn
  2. v. 16-21Why Israel was scattered: defilement and a profaned name
  3. v. 22-32God acts for his name: clean water, a new heart, the Spirit
  4. v. 33-38Ruins rebuilt, a land compared to Eden

1You, son of man, prophesy to the mountains of Israel, and say, “You mountains of Israel, hear Yahweh’s word.

2The Lord Yahweh says: ‘Because the enemy has said against you, “Aha!” and, “The ancient high places are ours in possession!” ’

3therefore prophesy, and say, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Because, even because they have made you desolate, and swallowed you up on every side, that you might be a possession to the residue of the nations, and you are taken up in the lips of talkers, and the evil report of the people;”

4therefore, you mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord Yahweh: The Lord Yahweh says to the mountains and to the hills, to the watercourses and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes and to the cities that are forsaken, which have become a prey and derision to the residue of the nations that are all around;

5therefore the Lord Yahweh says: “Surely in the fire of my jealousy I have spoken against the residue of the nations, and against all Edom, that have appointed my land to themselves for a possession with the joy of all their heart, with despite of soul, to cast it out for a prey.” ’

6Therefore prophesy concerning the land of Israel, and tell the mountains, the hills, the watercourses and the valleys, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Behold, I have spoken in my jealousy and in my wrath, because you have borne the shame of the nations.”

7Therefore the Lord Yahweh says: “I have sworn, ‘Surely the nations that are around you will bear their shame.’

8“ ‘ “But you, mountains of Israel, you shall shoot out your branches, and yield your fruit to my people Israel; for they are at hand to come.

9For, behold, I am for you, and I will come to you, and you will be tilled and sown.

10I will multiply men on you, all the house of Israel, even all of it. The cities will be inhabited, and the waste places will be built.

11I will multiply man and animal on you. They will increase and be fruitful. I will cause you to be inhabited as you were before, and you will do better than at your beginnings. Then you will know that I am Yahweh.

12Yes, I will cause men to walk on you, even my people Israel. They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance, and you will never again bereave them of their children.”

13“ ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Because they say to you, ‘You are a devourer of men, and have been a bereaver of your nation;’

14therefore you shall devour men no more, and not bereave your nation any more,” says the Lord Yahweh.

15“I won’t let you hear the shame of the nations any more. You won’t bear the reproach of the peoples any more, and you won’t cause your nation to stumble any more,” says the Lord Yahweh.’ ”

16Moreover Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,

17“Son of man, when the house of Israel lived in their own land, they defiled it by their ways and by their deeds. Their way before me was as the uncleanness of a woman in her impurity.

18Therefore I poured out my wrath on them for the blood which they had poured out on the land, and because they had defiled it with their idols.

19I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed through the countries. I judged them according to their way and according to their deeds.

20When they came to the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name; in that men said of them, ‘These are Yahweh’s people, and have left his land.’

21But I had respect for my holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the nations where they went.

22“Therefore tell the house of Israel, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “I don’t do this for your sake, house of Israel, but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations where you went.

23I will sanctify my great name, which has been profaned among the nations, which you have profaned among them. Then the nations will know that I am Yahweh,” says the Lord Yahweh, “when I am proven holy in you before their eyes.

24“ ‘ “For I will take you from among the nations and gather you out of all the countries, and will bring you into your own land.

25I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your filthiness, and from all your idols.

26I will also give you a new heart, and I will put a new spirit within you. I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh.

27I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes. You will keep my ordinances and do them.

28You will dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers. You will be my people, and I will be your God.

29I will save you from all your uncleanness. I will call for the grain, and will multiply it, and lay no famine on you.

30I will multiply the fruit of the tree and the increase of the field, that you may receive no more the reproach of famine among the nations.

31“ ‘ “Then you will remember your evil ways, and your deeds that were not good; and you will loathe yourselves in your own sight for your iniquities and for your abominations.

32I don’t do this for your sake,” says the Lord Yahweh. “Let it be known to you: be ashamed and confounded for your ways, house of Israel.”

33“ ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “In the day that I cleanse you from all your iniquities, I will cause the cities to be inhabited and the waste places will be built.

34The land that was desolate will be tilled instead of being a desolation in the sight of all who passed by.

35They will say, ‘This land that was desolate has become like the garden of Eden. The waste, desolate, and ruined cities are fortified and inhabited.’

36Then the nations that are left around you will know that I, Yahweh, have built the ruined places, and planted that which was desolate. I, Yahweh, have spoken it, and I will do it.”

37“ ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “For this, moreover, I will be inquired of by the house of Israel, to do it for them: I will increase them with men like a flock.

38As the flock for sacrifice, as the flock of Jerusalem in her appointed feasts, so the waste cities will be filled with flocks of men. Then they will know that I am Yahweh.’ ”

Key verses

Verse 22
“Therefore tell the house of Israel, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “I don’t do this for your sake, house of Israel, but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations where you went.

God states the reason for his action: not because of Israel's merits, but because of his holy name. Restoration is an act of grace that reveals who God is.

Verse 25
I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your filthiness, and from all your idols.

Cleansing is promised under the image of clean water sprinkled on the people. It targets defilement and idols, and points to an inner purification more than an outward rite.

Verse 26-27
I will also give you a new heart, and I will put a new spirit within you. I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh. I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes. You will keep my ordinances and do them.

The heart of stone is replaced by a heart of flesh, and God's Spirit is placed within his people so that they can obey. Many Christians see here the announcement of the new covenant and the gift of the Spirit.

Verse 35
They will say, ‘This land that was desolate has become like the garden of Eden. The waste, desolate, and ruined cities are fortified and inhabited.’

The devastated land will become like the garden of Eden. The picture of restoration is that of a renewed creation, which feeds the Christian hope of a world made new.

Bible verses to meditate on

What the sermons say

Frequently asked questions about Ezekiel 36

What does “a new heart” mean in Ezekiel 36:26?

God promises to remove the heart of stone, which feels nothing, and to give a heart of flesh, which is responsive, along with a new spirit. The change does not come from human effort but from an action of God. In the Christian reading, this promise is fulfilled through the new birth and the gift of the Holy Spirit.

What is the main message of Ezekiel 36?

God will restore Israel, not because the people deserve it, but for the honor of his name. He will cleanse his people, give them a new heart and put his Spirit within them, and then rebuild the ruins. The chapter stresses the grace of God, who acts where man has failed.

Does Ezekiel 36 speak of Israel's return to its land or of salvation in Christ?

The text first speaks of a concrete return of the exiles to their country. Christians also read in it the announcement of salvation in Jesus, with the new heart and the Spirit. Traditions differ on the place to give to the physical return of Israel today, but they agree on God's faithfulness to his promise.

Articles quoting Ezekiel 36

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World English Bible translation — public domain.