The Bible — World English Bible
Ezekiel 37
In brief
Ezekiel 37 contains one of the best-known visions of the Old Testament. During the exile in Babylon, the prophet is set before a valley of very dry bones. God tells him to prophesy: the bones come together, are covered with flesh, then receive the breath of God. This image announces the restoration of Israel, whom the people believed lost. The second part, with the two sticks, promises the unity of the people under one shepherd and an everlasting covenant of peace, with God's presence in their midst.
The chapter in 5 parts
1Yahweh’s hand was on me, and he brought me out in Yahweh’s Spirit, and set me down in the middle of the valley; and it was full of bones.
2He caused me to pass by them all around: and behold, there were very many in the open valley; and behold, they were very dry.
3He said to me, “Son of man, can these bones live?” I answered, “Lord Yahweh, you know.”
4Again he said to me, “Prophesy over these bones, and tell them, ‘You dry bones, hear Yahweh’s word.
5The Lord Yahweh says to these bones: “Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and you will live.
6I will lay sinews on you, and will bring up flesh on you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and you will live. Then you will know that I am Yahweh.” ’ ”
7So I prophesied as I was commanded. As I prophesied, there was a noise, and behold, there was an earthquake. Then the bones came together, bone to its bone.
8I saw, and, behold, there were sinews on them, and flesh came up, and skin covered them above; but there was no breath in them.
9Then he said to me, “Prophesy to the wind, prophesy, son of man, and tell the wind, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Come from the four winds, breath, and breathe on these slain, that they may live.” ’ ”
10So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath came into them, and they lived, and stood up on their feet, an exceedingly great army.
11Then he said to me, “Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel. Behold, they say, ‘Our bones are dried up, and our hope is lost. We are completely cut off.’
12Therefore prophesy, and tell them, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Behold, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, my people; and I will bring you into the land of Israel.
13You will know that I am Yahweh, when I have opened your graves, and caused you to come up out of your graves, my people.
14I will put my Spirit in you, and you will live. Then I will place you in your own land; and you will know that I, Yahweh, have spoken it and performed it,” says Yahweh.’ ”
15Yahweh’s word came again to me, saying,
16“You, son of man, take one stick, and write on it, ‘For Judah, and for the children of Israel his companions.’ Then take another stick, and write on it, ‘For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim, and for all the house of Israel his companions.’
17Then join them for yourself to one another into one stick, that they may become one in your hand.
18“When the children of your people speak to you, saying, ‘Won’t you show us what you mean by these?’
19tell them, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Behold, I will take the stick of Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim, and the tribes of Israel his companions; and I will put them with it, with the stick of Judah, and make them one stick, and they will be one in my hand.
20The sticks on which you write will be in your hand before their eyes.” ’
21Say to them, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Behold, I will take the children of Israel from among the nations, where they have gone, and will gather them on every side, and bring them into their own land.
22I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel. One king will be king to them all. They will no longer be two nations. They won’t be divided into two kingdoms any more at all.
23They won’t defile themselves any more with their idols, nor with their detestable things, nor with any of their transgressions; but I will save them out of all their dwelling places, in which they have sinned, and will cleanse them. So they will be my people, and I will be their God.
24“ ‘ “My servant David will be king over them. They all will have one shepherd. They will also walk in my ordinances, and observe my statutes, and do them.
25They will dwell in the land that I have given to Jacob my servant, in which your fathers lived. They will dwell therein, they, and their children, and their children’s children, forever. David my servant will be their prince forever.
26Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them. It will be an everlasting covenant with them. I will place them, multiply them, and will set my sanctuary among them forever more.
27My tent also will be with them. I will be their God, and they will be my people.
28The nations will know that I am Yahweh who sanctifies Israel, when my sanctuary is among them forever more.” ’ ”
Key verses
He said to me, “Son of man, can these bones live?” I answered, “Lord Yahweh, you know.”
God asks whether these bones can live, and Ezekiel answers that God knows. The prophet does not claim to have the solution: he leaves it to the one who alone can give life.
The Lord Yahweh says to these bones: “Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and you will live. I will lay sinews on you, and will bring up flesh on you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and you will live. Then you will know that I am Yahweh.” ’ ”
God promises to make breath enter the bones so that they live. The Hebrew word for spirit also means breath or wind, which lets the text play on several meanings at once.
Then he said to me, “Prophesy to the wind, prophesy, son of man, and tell the wind, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Come from the four winds, breath, and breathe on these slain, that they may live.” ’ ”
The bones already have flesh and skin, but the breath is still missing. The prophet must speak to the breath itself: life does not come from an outward restoration, it comes from God.
Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them. It will be an everlasting covenant with them. I will place them, multiply them, and will set my sanctuary among them forever more. My tent also will be with them. I will be their God, and they will be my people.
God promises an everlasting covenant of peace and his sanctuary in the midst of his people. The chapter ends with the presence of God with his own, a theme that returns in Revelation.
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Frequently asked questions about Ezekiel 37
What does the valley of dry bones mean in Ezekiel 37?
It stands for the people of Israel in exile, who said they had no hope. God explains in verse 11 that these bones are the whole house of Israel. By his Spirit, he promises to give them life again and bring them back to their land. Many Christians also see in it an image of the new life the Spirit gives.
Why does Ezekiel have to prophesy twice?
The first prophecy gathers the bones, which are covered with flesh and skin but without life. The second calls for the breath of God, and then they live. The text shows that restoration is first the work of God's word, then of his Spirit, without whom nothing truly lives.
What do the two sticks mean in Ezekiel 37:15-28?
One bears the name of Judah, the other that of Joseph and Ephraim, that is, the southern kingdom and the northern one, divided since Solomon. God joins them in his hand into one stick. The gesture announces a people gathered under one prince, whom Christians read as a promise fulfilled in Jesus.
Articles quoting Ezekiel 37
- Ezekiel 3: What Is Hard to Digest Becomes Sweet as Honey
- Ezekiel 37: In Your Valley, God Is Not Finished Yet
- Ezekiel 37: Two Sticks Joined in God's Hand
- It's Not All About Me: From Consumer to Contributor
- Overflow Worship: Passover, the Starting Point of Your Season of Glory
- United to Christ: The Hidden Key to Salvation (Ephesians 2)
World English Bible translation — public domain.