The Bible — World English Bible

Genesis 18

In brief

In Genesis 18, Yahweh appears to Abraham by the oaks of Mamre in the form of three men. Abraham welcomes them eagerly. They announce that Sarah, old and childless, will have a son, and Sarah laughs to herself. God then decides to share with Abraham what he is about to do to Sodom. Abraham intercedes for the city, bargaining from fifty righteous people down to ten. The chapter shows a God who promises, who visits and who listens to prayer.

The chapter in 4 parts

  1. v. 1-8Three visitors at Mamre: Abraham's hospitality
  2. v. 9-15The promise of a son and Sarah's laughter
  3. v. 16-21God confides to Abraham what he will do to Sodom
  4. v. 22-33Abraham intercedes: from fifty righteous to ten

1Yahweh appeared to him by the oaks of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day.

2He lifted up his eyes and looked, and saw that three men stood near him. When he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself to the earth,

3and said, “My lord, if now I have found favor in your sight, please don’t go away from your servant.

4Now let a little water be fetched, wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree.

5I will get a piece of bread so you can refresh your heart. After that you may go your way, now that you have come to your servant.” They said, “Very well, do as you have said.”

6Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah, and said, “Quickly prepare three seahs of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.”

7Abraham ran to the herd, and fetched a tender and good calf, and gave it to the servant. He hurried to dress it.

8He took butter, milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them. He stood by them under the tree, and they ate.

9They asked him, “Where is Sarah, your wife?” He said, “There, in the tent.”

10He said, “I will certainly return to you at about this time next year; and behold, Sarah your wife will have a son.” Sarah heard in the tent door, which was behind him.

11Now Abraham and Sarah were old, well advanced in age. Sarah had passed the age of childbearing.

12Sarah laughed within herself, saying, “After I have grown old will I have pleasure, my lord being old also?”

13Yahweh said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh, saying, ‘Will I really bear a child when I am old?’

14Is anything too hard for Yahweh? At the set time I will return to you, when the season comes round, and Sarah will have a son.”

15Then Sarah denied it, saying, “I didn’t laugh,” for she was afraid. He said, “No, but you did laugh.”

16The men rose up from there, and looked toward Sodom. Abraham went with them to see them on their way.

17Yahweh said, “Will I hide from Abraham what I do,

18since Abraham will surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him?

19For I have known him, to the end that he may command his children and his household after him, that they may keep the way of Yahweh, to do righteousness and justice; to the end that Yahweh may bring on Abraham that which he has spoken of him.”

20Yahweh said, “Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous,

21I will go down now, and see whether their deeds are as bad as the reports which have come to me. If not, I will know.”

22The men turned from there, and went toward Sodom, but Abraham stood yet before Yahweh.

23Abraham came near, and said, “Will you consume the righteous with the wicked?

24What if there are fifty righteous within the city? Will you consume and not spare the place for the fifty righteous who are in it?

25May it be far from you to do things like that, to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous should be like the wicked. May that be far from you. Shouldn’t the Judge of all the earth do right?”

26Yahweh said, “If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare the whole place for their sake.”

27Abraham answered, “See now, I have taken it on myself to speak to the Lord, although I am dust and ashes.

28What if there will lack five of the fifty righteous? Will you destroy all the city for lack of five?” He said, “I will not destroy it if I find forty-five there.”

29He spoke to him yet again, and said, “What if there are forty found there?” He said, “I will not do it for the forty’s sake.”

30He said, “Oh don’t let the Lord be angry, and I will speak. What if there are thirty found there?” He said, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.”

31He said, “See now, I have taken it on myself to speak to the Lord. What if there are twenty found there?” He said, “I will not destroy it for the twenty’s sake.”

32He said, “Oh don’t let the Lord be angry, and I will speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He said, “I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake.”

33Yahweh went his way, as soon as he had finished communing with Abraham, and Abraham returned to his place.

Key verses

Verse 1-2
Yahweh appeared to him by the oaks of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day. He lifted up his eyes and looked, and saw that three men stood near him. When he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself to the earth,

Yahweh appears to Abraham in the form of three men. The text alternates between “Yahweh” and the men, which led Christian tradition to see a manifestation of God, which some connect with Christ before his incarnation.

Verse 12-14
Sarah laughed within herself, saying, “After I have grown old will I have pleasure, my lord being old also?” Yahweh said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh, saying, ‘Will I really bear a child when I am old?’ Is anything too hard for Yahweh? At the set time I will return to you, when the season comes round, and Sarah will have a son.”

Sarah laughs to herself at the promise, and God asks a question that remains famous: is anything too hard for him? He reminds her that he will return at the set time.

Verse 17-19
Yahweh said, “Will I hide from Abraham what I do, since Abraham will surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him? For I have known him, to the end that he may command his children and his household after him, that they may keep the way of Yahweh, to do righteousness and justice; to the end that Yahweh may bring on Abraham that which he has spoken of him.”

God chooses not to hide his plan from Abraham. He recalls that he chose him so that he would pass on to his household the way of Yahweh, righteousness and justice.

Verse 25
May it be far from you to do things like that, to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous should be like the wicked. May that be far from you. Shouldn’t the Judge of all the earth do right?”

Abraham appeals to God's character: shouldn't the Judge of all the earth do right? His prayer rests on who God is, with respect and frankness.

Verse 32
He said, “Oh don’t let the Lord be angry, and I will speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He said, “I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake.”

Abraham stops at ten righteous people, and God agrees. Intercession does not manipulate God: it reveals his desire to show grace, and it reminds us how closely he listens.

Bible verses to meditate on

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What the sermons say

Frequently asked questions about Genesis 18

Who are the three men who visit Abraham in Genesis 18?

The text first presents Yahweh appearing, then three men. One of them speaks like Yahweh, while the other two leave for Sodom (Genesis 19 calls them angels). Many Christians see an appearance of God, sometimes of Christ before his incarnation. Others see a messenger of God. Traditions differ.

Why does Sarah laugh in Genesis 18?

Sarah is old and no longer thought she could have a child. She laughs to herself on hearing the promise of a son. God picks up on this laugh and asks her whether anything is too hard for him. The promised child will be born and named Isaac, a name that evokes laughter. The text acknowledges human doubt without erasing it.

What does Abraham's prayer for Sodom teach us?

Abraham intercedes boldly and respectfully, relying on God's justice. He lowers his number from fifty to ten righteous people and God agrees each time. Believers see in it a model of prayer for others: coming to God with frankness, knowing his character and pleading for those who deserve judgment.

Articles quoting Genesis 18

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World English Bible translation — public domain.