The Bible — World English Bible

John 19

In brief

Pilate has Jesus flogged, presents him saying Behold, the man, then gives in to the religious leaders. Jesus carries his cross to Golgotha, under an inscription that calls him king of the Jews. John points out several fulfillments of Scripture. On the cross, Jesus entrusts his mother to the disciple he loved, then says It is finished and gives up his spirit. Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus lay his body in a new tomb, in a garden.

The chapter in 4 parts

  1. v. 1-16Jesus before Pilate: Behold, the man, Behold, your King
  2. v. 17-27Golgotha: the inscription, the divided garments and the mother entrusted to John
  3. v. 28-37I am thirsty, It is finished and the pierced side
  4. v. 38-42Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus bury Jesus

1So Pilate then took Jesus, and flogged him.

2The soldiers twisted thorns into a crown, and put it on his head, and dressed him in a purple garment.

3They kept saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and they kept slapping him.

4Then Pilate went out again, and said to them, “Behold, I bring him out to you, that you may know that I find no basis for a charge against him.”

5Jesus therefore came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. Pilate said to them, “Behold, the man!”

6When therefore the chief priests and the officers saw him, they shouted, saying, “Crucify! Crucify!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves, and crucify him, for I find no basis for a charge against him.”

7The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.”

8When therefore Pilate heard this saying, he was more afraid.

9He entered into the Praetorium again, and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.

10Pilate therefore said to him, “Aren’t you speaking to me? Don’t you know that I have power to release you and have power to crucify you?”

11Jesus answered, “You would have no power at all against me, unless it were given to you from above. Therefore he who delivered me to you has greater sin.”

12At this, Pilate was seeking to release him, but the Jews cried out, saying, “If you release this man, you aren’t Caesar’s friend! Everyone who makes himself a king speaks against Caesar!”

13When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called “The Pavement”, but in Hebrew, “Gabbatha.”

14Now it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, at about the sixth hour. He said to the Jews, “Behold, your King!”

15They cried out, “Away with him! Away with him! Crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar!”

16So then he delivered him to them to be crucified. So they took Jesus and led him away.

17He went out, bearing his cross, to the place called “The Place of a Skull”, which is called in Hebrew, “Golgotha”,

18where they crucified him, and with him two others, on either side one, and Jesus in the middle.

19Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. There was written, “JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.”

20Therefore many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek.

21The chief priests of the Jews therefore said to Pilate, “Don’t write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but, ‘he said, “I am King of the Jews.” ’ ”

22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”

23Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also the coat. Now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.

24Then they said to one another, “Let’s not tear it, but cast lots for it to decide whose it will be,” that the Scripture might be fulfilled, which says, “They parted my garments among them. For my cloak they cast lots.” Therefore the soldiers did these things.

25But standing by Jesus’ cross were his mother, his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.

26Therefore when Jesus saw his mother, and the disciple whom he loved standing there, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son!”

27Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother!” From that hour, the disciple took her to his own home.

28After this, Jesus, seeing that all things were now finished, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, said, “I am thirsty.”

29Now a vessel full of vinegar was set there; so they put a sponge full of the vinegar on hyssop, and held it at his mouth.

30When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, “It is finished.” He bowed his head, and gave up his spirit.

31Therefore the Jews, because it was the Preparation Day, so that the bodies wouldn’t remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a special one), asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

32Therefore the soldiers came, and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who was crucified with him;

33but when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was already dead, they didn’t break his legs.

34However one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.

35He who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, that you may believe.

36For these things happened that the Scripture might be fulfilled, “A bone of him will not be broken.”

37Again another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they pierced.”

38After these things, Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked of Pilate that he might take away Jesus’ body. Pilate gave him permission. He came therefore and took away his body.

39Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night, also came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred Roman pounds.

40So they took Jesus’ body, and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury.

41Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden. In the garden was a new tomb in which no man had ever yet been laid.

42Then because of the Jews’ Preparation Day (for the tomb was near at hand) they laid Jesus there.

Key verses

Verse 5
Jesus therefore came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. Pilate said to them, “Behold, the man!”

Pilate presents Jesus crowned with thorns and dressed in purple, saying “Behold, the man!” Those who wanted to ridicule him show him, without meaning to, as he is: a king who accepts humiliation.

Verse 11
Jesus answered, “You would have no power at all against me, unless it were given to you from above. Therefore he who delivered me to you has greater sin.”

Jesus answers Pilate that his power was given to him from above. He does not go through the scene as a man overwhelmed, he remains in charge of it, and he distinguishes degrees of responsibility.

Verse 19-22
Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. There was written, “JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.” Therefore many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek. The chief priests of the Jews therefore said to Pilate, “Don’t write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but, ‘he said, “I am King of the Jews.” ’ ” Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”

The inscription placed on the cross proclaims that Jesus is the king of the Jews, in Hebrew, Greek and Latin. Pilate refuses to change it: “What I have written, I have written.”

Verse 30
When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, “It is finished.” He bowed his head, and gave up his spirit.

It is finished translates a single Greek word, used in everyday language to say that a debt is paid or a task is completed. Jesus then gives up his spirit of his own accord, after finishing what he came to do.

Verse 34-37
However one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. He who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, that you may believe. For these things happened that the Scripture might be fulfilled, “A bone of him will not be broken.” Again another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they pierced.”

John stresses the pierced side and the bones that are not broken. He sees in it the fulfillment of Scripture and an eyewitness testimony given so that the reader may believe.

Characters in this chapter

What the sermons say

Frequently asked questions about John 19

What does It is finished mean in John 19:30?

The Greek word John uses means that something is brought to completion, like a finished work or a settled debt. Jesus declares that what he came to do is complete. For many Christians, this means that the work of salvation is complete and that nothing remains to be added by our efforts. Not all traditions spell out what this covers in the same way, but they agree on its importance.

Why does Jesus entrust his mother to John?

In verses 26 and 27, Jesus sees his mother near the cross, with the disciple he loved, and tells them to regard each other as mother and son. The disciple takes her into his home from that hour. The text shows Jesus' tenderness even in suffering, and it creates a new family bond between those close to him.

Why does John mention the blood and water coming out of Jesus' side?

A soldier pierces Jesus' side with a spear and blood and water come out. John insists that the one who saw it gives testimony, so that the reader may believe. He also sees in it the fulfillment of two passages of Scripture, the bones not broken and those who will look on the one they pierced. Commentators offer several symbolic readings of the blood and water.

Who are Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus in John 19?

They are two disciples of Jesus who had until then acted discreetly, out of fear of the authorities. After the death of Jesus, they step out of the shadows: Joseph asks Pilate for the body of Jesus and Nicodemus brings a large quantity of spices. They lay the body in a new tomb, in a garden near the place of the crucifixion.

Articles quoting John 19

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World English Bible translation — public domain.