The Bible — World English Bible
Judges 7
In brief
In Judges 7, Gideon camps facing Midian with an army that God judges too large. He first sends home the fearful, then, at the water, keeps only three hundred men. Encouraged by a dream overheard in the enemy camp, he divides his troop into three groups with trumpets, jars and torches. At the signal, the camp of Midian panics and turns against itself. The chapter shows that victory comes from God and not from numbers.
The chapter in 4 parts
1Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people who were with him, rose up early and encamped beside the spring of Harod. Midian’s camp was on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley.
2Yahweh said to Gideon, “The people who are with you are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hand, lest Israel brag against me, saying, ‘My own hand has saved me.’
3Now therefore proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, ‘Whoever is fearful and trembling, let him return and depart from Mount Gilead.’ ” So twenty-two thousand of the people returned, and ten thousand remained.
4Yahweh said to Gideon, “There are still too many people. Bring them down to the water, and I will test them for you there. It shall be, that those whom I tell you, ‘This shall go with you,’ shall go with you; and whoever I tell you, ‘This shall not go with you,’ shall not go.”
5So he brought down the people to the water; and Yahweh said to Gideon, “Everyone who laps of the water with his tongue, like a dog laps, you shall set him by himself; likewise everyone who bows down on his knees to drink.”
6The number of those who lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down on their knees to drink water.
7Yahweh said to Gideon, “I will save you by the three hundred men who lapped, and deliver the Midianites into your hand. Let all the other people go, each to his own place.”
8So the people took food in their hand, and their trumpets; and he sent all the rest of the men of Israel to their own tents, but retained the three hundred men; and the camp of Midian was beneath him in the valley.
9That same night, Yahweh said to him, “Arise, go down into the camp, for I have delivered it into your hand.
10But if you are afraid to go down, go with Purah your servant down to the camp.
11You will hear what they say; and afterward your hands will be strengthened to go down into the camp.” Then went he down with Purah his servant to the outermost part of the armed men who were in the camp.
12The Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like locusts for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand which is on the seashore for multitude.
13When Gideon had come, behold, there was a man telling a dream to his fellow. He said, “Behold, I dreamed a dream; and behold, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the camp of Midian, came to the tent, and struck it so that it fell, and turned it upside down, so that the tent lay flat.”
14His fellow answered, “This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel. God has delivered Midian into his hand, with all the army.”
15It was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream and its interpretation, that he worshiped. Then he returned into the camp of Israel and said, “Arise, for Yahweh has delivered the army of Midian into your hand!”
16He divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put into the hands of all them trumpets and empty pitchers, with torches within the pitchers.
17He said to them, “Watch me, and do likewise. Behold, when I come to the outermost part of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so you shall do.
18When I blow the trumpet, I and all who are with me, then blow the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and shout, ‘For Yahweh and for Gideon!’ ”
19So Gideon and the hundred men who were with him came to the outermost part of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch, when they had but newly set the watch. Then they blew the trumpets and broke in pieces the pitchers that were in their hands.
20The three companies blew the trumpets, broke the pitchers, and held the torches in their left hands and the trumpets in their right hands with which to blow; and they shouted, “The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon!”
21They each stood in his place around the camp, and all the army ran; and they shouted, and put them to flight.
22They blew the three hundred trumpets, and Yahweh set every man’s sword against his fellow and against all the army; and the army fled as far as Beth Shittah toward Zererah, as far as the border of Abel Meholah, by Tabbath.
23The men of Israel were gathered together out of Naphtali, out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued Midian.
24Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill country of Ephraim, saying, “Come down against Midian and take the waters before them as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan!” So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together and took the waters as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan.
25They took the two princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb. They killed Oreb at Oreb’s rock, and Zeeb they killed at Zeeb’s wine press, as they pursued Midian. Then they brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon beyond the Jordan.
Key verses
Yahweh said to Gideon, “The people who are with you are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hand, lest Israel brag against me, saying, ‘My own hand has saved me.’
God explains why he reduces the army: a large force could claim the victory for itself. By shrinking human resources, he makes sure the deliverance is recognized as his work.
Yahweh said to Gideon, “I will save you by the three hundred men who lapped, and deliver the Midianites into your hand. Let all the other people go, each to his own place.”
God announces that he will save Israel by the three hundred men. The criterion for the sorting at the water remains debated, but the message is clear: victory does not depend on the strength of numbers.
You will hear what they say; and afterward your hands will be strengthened to go down into the camp.” Then went he down with Purah his servant to the outermost part of the armed men who were in the camp.
God suggests that Gideon go down to the enemy camp with his servant Purah, and tells him that his hands will be strengthened. He builds Gideon's faith before asking him to act.
His fellow answered, “This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel. God has delivered Midian into his hand, with all the army.”
A Midianite soldier interprets his own dream as Gideon's victory. God uses even the voice of the enemy to reassure his servant.
The three companies blew the trumpets, broke the pitchers, and held the torches in their left hands and the trumpets in their right hands with which to blow; and they shouted, “The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon!”
The men break the jars, hold up the torches and blow the trumpets. The plan looks like no usual military strategy, and it shows that God acts by unexpected means.
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Frequently asked questions about Judges 7
Why does God reduce Gideon's army to 300 men?
God says it himself in verse 2: if Israel won with a large army, the people could take the glory for themselves. By reducing the resources, he makes the victory plainly his. This principle returns throughout the Bible, and Paul sums it up by saying that God's power is made perfect in weakness.
What does the water test mean in Judges 7:5-6?
God keeps those who lap the water from their hand, and sets aside those who kneel down to drink. The text does not give the exact reason. Some see a sign of alertness, others simply a way of keeping only a small number, so that the victory could only come from God.
Why does Gideon go down to the camp of Midian with Purah?
God offers to let him listen to what the enemies say if he is afraid, so that his hands may be strengthened. Gideon hears a dream and its interpretation, then bows down and goes back to encourage his men. This episode shows that God is patient with Gideon's fear and gives him one more sign.
Why trumpets, jars and torches?
Gideon does not attack with the sword. His three hundred men surround the camp, break their jars, hold up the torches and blow the trumpets. The camp of Midian panics and turns against itself. The episode shows that God can act by means that look like no human strategy.
Articles quoting Judges 7
- Judges 7: Chosen at the Water with the Three Hundred
- Joshua 6: You Are a Shofar in Spiritual Warfare
- 1 Chronicles 21: Relying on Numbers Instead of God
- The Art of Being Weak: Gideon's Lesson on True Strength
- The Sons of the Prophets at the Jordan: Dare to See Bigger
- Gideon, "Mighty Man of Valor": God Sees Further Than Your Fears
World English Bible translation — public domain.