The Bible — World English Bible
Luke 13
In brief
Luke 13 follows Jesus on the road to Jerusalem. He answers two current tragedies by calling everyone to repent, then tells of the barren fig tree, which the vinedresser obtains permission to tend for one more year. On a Sabbath, he straightens a woman who had been bent over for eighteen years. He compares the kingdom of God to a mustard seed and to yeast, then answers the question about how many are saved with the image of the narrow door. He ends with his lament over Jerusalem.
The chapter in 6 parts
- v. 1-5Two tragedies, one call: “unless you repent”
- v. 6-9The barren fig tree and the vinedresser's patience
- v. 10-17A bent woman made straight on the Sabbath
- v. 18-21The mustard seed and the yeast: a small kingdom that grows
- v. 22-30The narrow door: “Strive to enter”
- v. 31-35Jerusalem, Jerusalem: the hen and her brood
1Now there were some present at the same time who told him about the Galileans, whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices.
2Jesus answered them, “Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered such things?
3I tell you, no, but unless you repent, you will all perish in the same way.
4Or those eighteen, on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them; do you think that they were worse offenders than all the men who dwell in Jerusalem?
5I tell you, no, but, unless you repent, you will all perish in the same way.”
6He spoke this parable. “A certain man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard, and he came seeking fruit on it, and found none.
7He said to the vine dresser, ‘Behold, these three years I have come looking for fruit on this fig tree, and found none. Cut it down. Why does it waste the soil?’
8He answered, ‘Lord, leave it alone this year also, until I dig around it and fertilize it.
9If it bears fruit, fine; but if not, after that, you can cut it down.’ ”
10He was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath day.
11Behold, there was a woman who had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years. She was bent over, and could in no way straighten herself up.
12When Jesus saw her, he called her, and said to her, “Woman, you are freed from your infirmity.”
13He laid his hands on her, and immediately she stood up straight and glorified God.
14The ruler of the synagogue, being indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, said to the multitude, “There are six days in which men ought to work. Therefore come on those days and be healed, and not on the Sabbath day!”
15Therefore the Lord answered him, “You hypocrites! Doesn’t each one of you free his ox or his donkey from the stall on the Sabbath, and lead him away to water?
16Ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham whom Satan had bound eighteen long years, be freed from this bondage on the Sabbath day?”
17As he said these things, all his adversaries were disappointed and all the multitude rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by him.
18He said, “What is God’s Kingdom like? To what shall I compare it?
19It is like a grain of mustard seed which a man took and put in his own garden. It grew and became a large tree, and the birds of the sky live in its branches.”
20Again he said, “To what shall I compare God’s Kingdom?
21It is like yeast, which a woman took and hid in three measures of flour, until it was all leavened.”
22He went on his way through cities and villages, teaching, and traveling on to Jerusalem.
23One said to him, “Lord, are they few who are saved?” He said to them,
24“Strive to enter in by the narrow door, for many, I tell you, will seek to enter in and will not be able.
25When once the master of the house has risen up, and has shut the door, and you begin to stand outside and to knock at the door, saying, ‘Lord, Lord, open to us!’ then he will answer and tell you, ‘I don’t know you or where you come from.’
26Then you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets.’
27He will say, ‘I tell you, I don’t know where you come from. Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity.’
28There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the prophets in God’s Kingdom, and yourselves being thrown outside.
29They will come from the east, west, north, and south, and will sit down in God’s Kingdom.
30Behold, there are some who are last who will be first, and there are some who are first who will be last.”
31On that same day, some Pharisees came, saying to him, “Get out of here, and go away, for Herod wants to kill you.”
32He said to them, “Go and tell that fox, ‘Behold, I cast out demons and perform cures today and tomorrow, and the third day I complete my mission.
33Nevertheless I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the next day, for it can’t be that a prophet would perish outside of Jerusalem.’
34“Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, like a hen gathers her own brood under her wings, and you refused!
35Behold, your house is left to you desolate. I tell you, you will not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!’ ”
Key verses
I tell you, no, but unless you repent, you will all perish in the same way.
Faced with a news item, Jesus does not try to explain why these people died. He turns the question toward his listeners: the message is a call to change direction, which comes back in verses 3 and 5.
He answered, ‘Lord, leave it alone this year also, until I dig around it and fertilize it. If it bears fruit, fine; but if not, after that, you can cut it down.’ ”
The vinedresser pleads for the fig tree: one more year, with careful tending. The image shows God's patience, which does not last forever, and the room that a time of grace leaves for fruit.
Ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham whom Satan had bound eighteen long years, be freed from this bondage on the Sabbath day?”
Jesus calls the bent woman a “daughter of Abraham.” He frees her from a bond on the Sabbath day, because her release cannot wait. The Sabbath was made for the good of human beings.
“Strive to enter in by the narrow door, for many, I tell you, will seek to enter in and will not be able.
The verb “strive” evokes the effort of an athlete. It does not mean that salvation is earned, but that following Jesus engages the whole person, in a world pulling in other directions.
“Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, like a hen gathers her own brood under her wings, and you refused!
The image of the hen gathering her chicks under her wings shows Jesus' tenderness for Jerusalem. The rest of the verse, “and you refused,” reminds us that his offer can be refused.
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Frequently asked questions about Luke 13
What does the parable of the barren fig tree in Luke 13 mean?
A man has looked for fruit on a fig tree for three years and found none. The vinedresser asks for one more year to tend the tree. In the Bible, the fig tree often stands for Israel, and the parable is read as a call to everyone: God's patience is real, but it invites us to bear fruit without delay.
What does Jesus mean by the narrow door?
To the question “Lord, are they few who are saved?”, Jesus gives no number. He answers with a command: strive to enter by the narrow door. He turns the question toward each person: and you, will you enter? The text also reminds us that once the door is shut, it will no longer be possible to enter. Christians often see Jesus himself as the door.
Why does Jesus heal the bent woman on the Sabbath?
The ruler of the synagogue objects to his healing on a day of rest. Jesus replies that everyone unties their ox or donkey on the Sabbath to give it water, so a daughter of Abraham bound for eighteen years surely deserves to be set free. His act shows that the Sabbath is a day of deliverance.
Why does Jesus say that those who died were not more guilty?
In verses 1 to 5, he is told of the Galileans killed by Pilate and of the eighteen people crushed by a tower. He rejects the idea that these victims were more guilty than others. He draws from it a call to repentance for everyone: the text invites us not to read suffering as a personal punishment.
Articles quoting Luke 13
- Did Jesus Come to Bring Conflict and Division?
- The Pastor's Heart of the Apostle Paul for the Churches
- John 8: Jesus and the Woman Caught in Adultery, Go and Sin No More
- Luke 2: Jesus at Twelve, Where the Son Must Be
- Revelation 3: Which Table Are You Sitting At?
- Luke 23: What Kind of Encounter Are You Having with Jesus?
World English Bible translation — public domain.