The Bible — World English Bible
Mark 12
In brief
In the last days before the cross, Jesus teaches in the temple and answers those who want to trap him. He tells the parable of the murderous tenants, answers questions about taxes owed to Caesar and about the resurrection, then about the greatest commandment: loving God and your neighbor. He then questions the scribes about the Christ, warns against religious hypocrisy and ends by watching a poor widow give everything she has.
The chapter in 6 parts
- v. 1-12The parable of the tenants and the rejected stone
- v. 13-17Taxes to Caesar: giving to each what is due
- v. 18-27The resurrection: the God of the living
- v. 28-34The first commandment: loving God and your neighbor
- v. 35-37The Christ, son of David and Lord
- v. 38-44The hypocritical scribes and the widow's offering
1He began to speak to them in parables. “A man planted a vineyard, put a hedge around it, dug a pit for the wine press, built a tower, rented it out to a farmer, and went into another country.
2When it was time, he sent a servant to the farmer to get from the farmer his share of the fruit of the vineyard.
3They took him, beat him, and sent him away empty.
4Again, he sent another servant to them; and they threw stones at him, wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully treated.
5Again he sent another; and they killed him; and many others, beating some, and killing some.
6Therefore still having one, his beloved son, he sent him last to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’
7But those farmers said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’
8They took him, killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.
9What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the farmers, and will give the vineyard to others.
10Haven’t you even read this Scripture: ‘The stone which the builders rejected was made the head of the corner.
11This was from the Lord. It is marvelous in our eyes’?”
12They tried to seize him, but they feared the multitude; for they perceived that he spoke the parable against them. They left him, and went away.
13They sent some of the Pharisees and the Herodians to him, that they might trap him with words.
14When they had come, they asked him, “Teacher, we know that you are honest, and don’t defer to anyone; for you aren’t partial to anyone, but truly teach the way of God. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?
15Shall we give, or shall we not give?” But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, “Why do you test me? Bring me a denarius, that I may see it.”
16They brought it. He said to them, “Whose is this image and inscription?” They said to him, “Caesar’s.”
17Jesus answered them, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” They marveled greatly at him.
18Some Sadducees, who say that there is no resurrection, came to him. They asked him, saying,
19“Teacher, Moses wrote to us, ‘If a man’s brother dies, and leaves a wife behind him, and leaves no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up offspring for his brother.’
20There were seven brothers. The first took a wife, and dying left no offspring.
21The second took her, and died, leaving no children behind him. The third likewise;
22and the seven took her and left no children. Last of all the woman also died.
23In the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife will she be of them? For the seven had her as a wife.”
24Jesus answered them, “Isn’t this because you are mistaken, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God?
25For when they will rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven.
26But about the dead, that they are raised; haven’t you read in the book of Moses, about the Bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
27He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are therefore badly mistaken.”
28One of the scribes came, and heard them questioning together, and knowing that he had answered them well, asked him, “Which commandment is the greatest of all?”
29Jesus answered, “The greatest is, ‘Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one:
30you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment.
31The second is like this, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
32The scribe said to him, “Truly, teacher, you have said well that he is one, and there is none other but he,
33and to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is more important than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34When Jesus saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from God’s Kingdom.” No one dared ask him any question after that.
35Jesus responded, as he taught in the temple, “How is it that the scribes say that the Christ is the son of David?
36For David himself said in the Holy Spirit, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.” ’
37Therefore David himself calls him Lord, so how can he be his son?” The common people heard him gladly.
38In his teaching he said to them, “Beware of the scribes, who like to walk in long robes, and to get greetings in the marketplaces,
39and the best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts:
40those who devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”
41Jesus sat down opposite the treasury, and saw how the multitude cast money into the treasury. Many who were rich cast in much.
42A poor widow came, and she cast in two small brass coins, which equal a quadrans coin.
43He called his disciples to himself, and said to them, “Most certainly I tell you, this poor widow gave more than all those who are giving into the treasury,
44for they all gave out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, gave all that she had to live on.”
Key verses
Haven’t you even read this Scripture: ‘The stone which the builders rejected was made the head of the corner. This was from the Lord. It is marvelous in our eyes’?”
Jesus quotes the psalm about the stone the builders rejected that became the cornerstone. He applies this image to himself: rejected by the leaders, he is the foundation God has chosen.
Jesus answered them, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” They marveled greatly at him.
Faced with the trap about taxes, Jesus does not take a political side. He distinguishes what is owed to Caesar from what is owed to God, and the answer amazes those who questioned him.
Jesus answered, “The greatest is, ‘Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one: you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment. The second is like this, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
Jesus quotes Israel's Shema, loving God with your whole being, and joins to it love of neighbor. These two commandments sum up everything the law asks.
He called his disciples to himself, and said to them, “Most certainly I tell you, this poor widow gave more than all those who are giving into the treasury, for they all gave out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, gave all that she had to live on.”
Jesus watches what people give and says the widow gave more than all, because she gave out of her need. What counts is not the amount but what it costs the one who gives.
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Frequently asked questions about Mark 12
What is the greatest commandment according to Mark 12:28-31?
Jesus answers that we must love the Lord our God with all our heart, all our soul, all our mind and all our strength. The second is to love your neighbor as yourself. He adds that there is no commandment greater than these. The first echoes the Shema of Israel, a prayer that Jews recite every day.
What does Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's mean?
Jesus' opponents wanted to trap him on the question of the Roman tax. Jesus asks for a coin, points to Caesar's image and answers: give to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's. Christians see in it the recognition of civil authority, without ever putting Caesar in the place of God.
What does the widow's offering mean in Mark 12?
A poor widow puts two small coins into the temple treasury. Jesus declares that she gave more than all the rich, because they gave out of their surplus, and she out of her need. The passage does not say how much to give: it shows that God looks at the heart and the sacrifice made.
What does the parable of the tenants in Mark 12 mean?
An owner entrusts his vineyard to tenants, sends servants and then his beloved son, and they mistreat or kill them. Jesus is speaking to the religious leaders who reject the prophets, and he announces his own rejection. The leaders understand that it is aimed at them. Yet the rejected stone becomes the cornerstone.
Articles quoting Mark 12
- Don't Set Your Mind on the Things of Man, but on the Things of God
- Christian Leadership: Biblical Principles and Practical Advice
- Matthew 22: What Do You Think of the Christ and His Invitation?
- Self-Pity and Self-Esteem: Looking to Jesus, Our Example
- Matthew 25: What Have You Done to Deserve My Kingdom?
- Matthew 5: Bearing God's Name by Loving Your Enemies
World English Bible translation — public domain.