The Bible — World English Bible
Matthew 23
In brief
Matthew 23 is Jesus' sternest speech, delivered in the temple. He tells people to listen to the teaching of the scribes and Pharisees without imitating their conduct, denounces pride and the hunt for honors, then pronounces seven woes against a show-religion that neglects justice, mercy and faithfulness. The chapter does not end in anger: Jesus weeps over Jerusalem, which he would have gathered like a hen gathers her chicks.
The chapter in 5 parts
- v. 1-12Do not imitate them: religious pride and the greatest as servant
- v. 13-22The first woes: shutting the Kingdom and swearing wrongly
- v. 23-28Tithing without justice, a cup clean outside and dirty inside
- v. 29-36The tombs of the prophets and the weight of responsibility
- v. 37-39Jesus' cry over Jerusalem
1Then Jesus spoke to the multitudes and to his disciples,
2saying, “The scribes and the Pharisees sat on Moses’ seat.
3All things therefore whatever they tell you to observe, observe and do, but don’t do their works; for they say, and don’t do.
4For they bind heavy burdens that are grievous to be borne, and lay them on men’s shoulders; but they themselves will not lift a finger to help them.
5But they do all their works to be seen by men. They make their phylacteries broad, enlarge the fringes of their garments,
6and love the place of honor at feasts, the best seats in the synagogues,
7the salutations in the marketplaces, and to be called ‘Rabbi, Rabbi’ by men.
8But don’t you be called ‘Rabbi,’ for one is your teacher, the Christ, and all of you are brothers.
9Call no man on the earth your father, for one is your Father, he who is in heaven.
10Neither be called masters, for one is your master, the Christ.
11But he who is greatest among you will be your servant.
12Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.
13“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you devour widows’ houses, and as a pretense you make long prayers. Therefore you will receive greater condemnation.
14“But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! Because you shut up the Kingdom of Heaven against men; for you don’t enter in yourselves, neither do you allow those who are entering in to enter.
15Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel around by sea and land to make one proselyte; and when he becomes one, you make him twice as much a son of Gehenna as yourselves.
16“Woe to you, you blind guides, who say, ‘Whoever swears by the temple, it is nothing; but whoever swears by the gold of the temple, he is obligated.’
17You blind fools! For which is greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifies the gold?
18‘Whoever swears by the altar, it is nothing; but whoever swears by the gift that is on it, he is obligated?’
19You blind fools! For which is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifies the gift?
20He therefore who swears by the altar, swears by it, and by everything on it.
21He who swears by the temple, swears by it, and by him who has been living in it.
22He who swears by heaven, swears by the throne of God, and by him who sits on it.
23“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have left undone the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faith. But you ought to have done these, and not to have left the other undone.
24You blind guides, who strain out a gnat, and swallow a camel!
25“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and unrighteousness.
26You blind Pharisee, first clean the inside of the cup and of the platter, that its outside may become clean also.
27“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitened tombs, which outwardly appear beautiful, but inwardly are full of dead men’s bones, and of all uncleanness.
28Even so you also outwardly appear righteous to men, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.
29“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets, and decorate the tombs of the righteous,
30and say, ‘If we had lived in the days of our fathers, we wouldn’t have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.’
31Therefore you testify to yourselves that you are children of those who killed the prophets.
32Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers.
33You serpents, you offspring of vipers, how will you escape the judgment of Gehenna?
34Therefore behold, I send to you prophets, wise men, and scribes. Some of them you will kill and crucify; and some of them you will scourge in your synagogues, and persecute from city to city;
35that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom you killed between the sanctuary and the altar.
36Most certainly I tell you, all these things will come upon this generation.
37“Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets, and stones those who are sent to her! How often I would have gathered your children together, even as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you would not!
38Behold, your house is left to you desolate.
39For I tell you, you will not see me from now on, until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!’ ”
Key verses
But he who is greatest among you will be your servant.
Jesus turns the idea of greatness upside down: in his Kingdom, the highest place belongs to the one who serves. This verse is a counterpoint to the rest of the speech.
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have left undone the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faith. But you ought to have done these, and not to have left the other undone.
Jesus does not condemn tithing, he condemns forgetting what weighs most: justice, mercy and faith. Religious practice does not replace the heart.
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitened tombs, which outwardly appear beautiful, but inwardly are full of dead men’s bones, and of all uncleanness. Even so you also outwardly appear righteous to men, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.
The image of whitened tombs describes the danger of a beautiful appearance hiding an empty inner life. The reproach targets the gap between what we show and what we are.
“Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets, and stones those who are sent to her! How often I would have gathered your children together, even as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you would not!
After the severity, a cry of tenderness: Jesus compares himself to a hen who wants to gather her chicks. The refusal comes from people, not from any lack of love on his part.
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Frequently asked questions about Matthew 23
Why is Jesus so harsh with the Pharisees in Matthew 23?
Jesus is not attacking their seriousness or their knowledge of Scripture, but the gap between what they say and how they live, their thirst for recognition and their neglect of justice and mercy. His severity is that of a shepherd defending the people they crush, and it is also a warning for every believer.
What are the seven woes of Matthew 23?
They are seven warnings, introduced by “Woe to you”, addressed to the scribes and Pharisees. They concern shutting the Kingdom to others, making converts who are harmed, twisted oaths, tithing without justice, outward cleanness without inner purity, whitened tombs, and honoring dead prophets while rejecting the living.
What does it mean that the greatest is the servant?
Jesus defines greatness by service, not status. Titles, places of honor and prestige carry no value in his Kingdom. The one who stoops to serve is the one God lifts up. Jesus lived this principle himself.
What does Jesus' cry over Jerusalem in verse 37 mean?
Jesus expresses both his pain and his desire: he wanted to gather the people of Jerusalem as a hen protects her chicks, but they would not. The image shows a tender God who keeps reaching out, and a judgment that comes from a free refusal, not from a lack of love.
Articles quoting Matthew 23
World English Bible translation — public domain.