The Bible — World English Bible
Numbers 23
In brief
In Numbers 23, Balak, king of Moab, frightened by Israel, hires the diviner Balaam to curse them. Balaam has seven altars built, then God puts words in his mouth. Instead of cursing, he speaks two oracles of blessing: God does not curse his people, does not go back on his word and sees no iniquity in them. Balak changes the location twice, without success. The chapter shows that no one can overturn God's blessing.
The chapter in 5 parts
1Balaam said to Balak, “Build here seven altars for me, and prepare here seven bulls and seven rams for me.”
2Balak did as Balaam had spoken; and Balak and Balaam offered on every altar a bull and a ram.
3Balaam said to Balak, “Stand by your burnt offering, and I will go. Perhaps Yahweh will come to meet me. Whatever he shows me I will tell you.” He went to a bare height.
4God met Balaam, and he said to him, “I have prepared the seven altars, and I have offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.”
5Yahweh put a word in Balaam’s mouth, and said, “Return to Balak, and thus you shall speak.”
6He returned to him, and behold, he was standing by his burnt offering, he, and all the princes of Moab.
7He took up his parable, and said, “From Aram has Balak brought me, the king of Moab from the mountains of the East. Come, curse Jacob for me. Come, defy Israel.
8How shall I curse whom God has not cursed? How shall I defy whom Yahweh has not defied?
9For from the top of the rocks I see him. From the hills I see him. Behold, it is a people that dwells alone, and shall not be listed among the nations.
10Who can count the dust of Jacob, or count the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous! Let my last end be like his!”
11Balak said to Balaam, “What have you done to me? I took you to curse my enemies, and behold, you have blessed them altogether.”
12He answered and said, “Must I not take heed to speak that which Yahweh puts in my mouth?”
13Balak said to him, “Please come with me to another place, where you may see them. You shall see just part of them, and shall not see them all. Curse them from there for me.”
14He took him into the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, and built seven altars, and offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.
15He said to Balak, “Stand here by your burnt offering, while I meet God over there.”
16Yahweh met Balaam, and put a word in his mouth, and said, “Return to Balak, and say this.”
17He came to him, and behold, he was standing by his burnt offering, and the princes of Moab with him. Balak said to him, “What has Yahweh spoken?”
18He took up his parable, and said, “Rise up, Balak, and hear! Listen to me, you son of Zippor.
19God is not a man, that he should lie, nor a son of man, that he should repent. Has he said, and will he not do it? Or has he spoken, and will he not make it good?
20Behold, I have received a command to bless. He has blessed, and I can’t reverse it.
21He has not seen iniquity in Jacob. Neither has he seen perverseness in Israel. Yahweh his God is with him. The shout of a king is among them.
22God brings them out of Egypt. He has as it were the strength of the wild ox.
23Surely there is no enchantment with Jacob; Neither is there any divination with Israel. Now it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel, ‘What has God done!’
24Behold, a people rises up as a lioness. As a lion he lifts himself up. He shall not lie down until he eats of the prey, and drinks the blood of the slain.”
25Balak said to Balaam, “Neither curse them at all, nor bless them at all.”
26But Balaam answered Balak, “Didn’t I tell you, saying, ‘All that Yahweh speaks, that I must do?’ ”
27Balak said to Balaam, “Come now, I will take you to another place; perhaps it will please God that you may curse them for me from there.”
28Balak took Balaam to the top of Peor, that looks down on the desert.
29Balaam said to Balak, “Build seven altars for me here, and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me here.”
30Balak did as Balaam had said, and offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.
Key verses
How shall I curse whom God has not cursed? How shall I defy whom Yahweh has not defied?
Balaam realizes that he cannot curse those whom God has not cursed. No human word outweighs God's will toward his people.
He answered and said, “Must I not take heed to speak that which Yahweh puts in my mouth?”
Facing Balak's anger, Balaam answers that he will say what Yahweh puts in his mouth. The diviner, despite his questionable motives later in the story, can only pass on what God gives him.
God is not a man, that he should lie, nor a son of man, that he should repent. Has he said, and will he not do it? Or has he spoken, and will he not make it good?
This verse affirms God's faithfulness: he does not lie and does not change his mind the way a man does. Once his word is given, it is fulfilled. It is one of the most quoted verses on the reliability of God's promises.
He has not seen iniquity in Jacob. Neither has he seen perverseness in Israel. Yahweh his God is with him. The shout of a king is among them. God brings them out of Egypt. He has as it were the strength of the wild ox. Surely there is no enchantment with Jacob; Neither is there any divination with Israel. Now it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel, ‘What has God done!’
God is with Israel, he brought them out of Egypt, and no enchantment or divination can do anything against them. The people's protection comes from God's presence, not from their own perfection.
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Frequently asked questions about Numbers 23
What does Numbers 23:19 mean?
This verse says that God is not like a man: he does not lie and does not go back on what he has declared. Balaam says it to explain why he cannot take back the blessing given to Israel. Believers draw from it the confidence that God's promises are reliable, even if their fulfillment takes time.
Who are Balaam and Balak in Numbers 23?
Balak is the king of Moab, worried to see Israel camping near his land. Balaam is a diviner whom he summons to curse this people. God intervenes and puts words of blessing in Balaam's mouth. The story continues in chapters 22 to 24, and the New Testament comes back to Balaam as a negative example.
Why does Balaam bless Israel instead of cursing them?
Because God himself puts the words in his mouth. Balaam recognizes that he has no power to curse the one whom God has not cursed. Even when Balak takes him to three different sites, the blessing stays. The chapter stresses that Israel's protection does not depend on the intentions of its adversaries, but on the will of God.
Articles quoting Numbers 23
World English Bible translation — public domain.