The Bible — World English Bible
Exodus 4
In brief
In Exodus 4, Moses, called at the burning bush, objects that no one will believe him and that he is a poor speaker. God gives him three signs: the staff turned into a snake, the leprous hand healed, the river water turned into blood. He promises to be with Moses' mouth and gives him his brother Aaron as a helper. Moses sets out for Egypt, a puzzling episode breaks out along the way, and then the people believe when they learn that God has seen their suffering. The chapter shows a God who equips those he sends, in spite of their fears.
The chapter in 5 parts
1Moses answered, “But, behold, they will not believe me, nor listen to my voice; for they will say, ‘Yahweh has not appeared to you.’ ”
2Yahweh said to him, “What is that in your hand?” He said, “A rod.”
3He said, “Throw it on the ground.” He threw it on the ground, and it became a snake; and Moses ran away from it.
4Yahweh said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand, and take it by the tail.” He stretched out his hand, and took hold of it, and it became a rod in his hand.
5“This is so that they may believe that Yahweh, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”
6Yahweh said furthermore to him, “Now put your hand inside your cloak.” He put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous, as white as snow.
7He said, “Put your hand inside your cloak again.” He put his hand inside his cloak again, and when he took it out of his cloak, behold, it had turned again as his other flesh.
8“It will happen, if they will not believe you or listen to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign.
9It will happen, if they will not believe even these two signs or listen to your voice, that you shall take of the water of the river, and pour it on the dry land. The water which you take out of the river will become blood on the dry land.”
10Moses said to Yahweh, “O Lord, I am not eloquent, neither before now, nor since you have spoken to your servant; for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.”
11Yahweh said to him, “Who made man’s mouth? Or who makes one mute, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? Isn’t it I, Yahweh?
12Now therefore go, and I will be with your mouth, and teach you what you shall speak.”
13Moses said, “Oh, Lord, please send someone else.”
14Yahweh’s anger burned against Moses, and he said, “What about Aaron, your brother, the Levite? I know that he can speak well. Also, behold, he is coming out to meet you. When he sees you, he will be glad in his heart.
15You shall speak to him, and put the words in his mouth. I will be with your mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what you shall do.
16He will be your spokesman to the people. It will happen that he will be to you a mouth, and you will be to him as God.
17You shall take this rod in your hand, with which you shall do the signs.”
18Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said to him, “Please let me go and return to my brothers who are in Egypt, and see whether they are still alive.” Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.”
19Yahweh said to Moses in Midian, “Go, return into Egypt; for all the men who sought your life are dead.”
20Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them on a donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. Moses took God’s rod in his hand.
21Yahweh said to Moses, “When you go back into Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in your hand, but I will harden his heart and he will not let the people go.
22You shall tell Pharaoh, ‘Yahweh says, Israel is my son, my firstborn,
23and I have said to you, “Let my son go, that he may serve me;” and you have refused to let him go. Behold, I will kill your firstborn son.’ ”
24On the way at a lodging place, Yahweh met Moses and wanted to kill him.
25Then Zipporah took a flint, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet; and she said, “Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me.”
26So he let him alone. Then she said, “You are a bridegroom of blood,” because of the circumcision.
27Yahweh said to Aaron, “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses.” He went, and met him on God’s mountain, and kissed him.
28Moses told Aaron all Yahweh’s words with which he had sent him, and all the signs with which he had instructed him.
29Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of the children of Israel.
30Aaron spoke all the words which Yahweh had spoken to Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the people.
31The people believed, and when they heard that Yahweh had visited the children of Israel, and that he had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshiped.
Key verses
Yahweh said to him, “What is that in your hand?” He said, “A rod.”
God starts from what Moses already has in his hand, a simple shepherd's staff. He asks for nothing other than what you have, and he makes it an instrument of his power.
Moses said to Yahweh, “O Lord, I am not eloquent, neither before now, nor since you have spoken to your servant; for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.” Yahweh said to him, “Who made man’s mouth? Or who makes one mute, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? Isn’t it I, Yahweh? Now therefore go, and I will be with your mouth, and teach you what you shall speak.”
Moses stresses his difficulty with speaking. God answers that he is the maker of the human mouth and promises to go with him and teach him. Confidence rests on his presence, not on our talents.
Yahweh’s anger burned against Moses, and he said, “What about Aaron, your brother, the Levite? I know that he can speak well. Also, behold, he is coming out to meet you. When he sees you, he will be glad in his heart.
After a second refusal, God's anger burns, but he does not give up: he adds Aaron. God takes our fears seriously, while still asking us to move forward.
You shall tell Pharaoh, ‘Yahweh says, Israel is my son, my firstborn, and I have said to you, “Let my son go, that he may serve me;” and you have refused to let him go. Behold, I will kill your firstborn son.’ ”
God calls Israel his son, his firstborn, and demands his release. This title prepares the way for the drama of the tenth plague and the feast of Passover.
The people believed, and when they heard that Yahweh had visited the children of Israel, and that he had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshiped.
The chapter ends with the people's faith and worship. They learn that God has seen their suffering: deliverance begins with a God who looks upon his own.
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Frequently asked questions about Exodus 4
What is the main message of Exodus 4?
God sends Moses in spite of his doubts and equips him for his mission: three signs to convince, the promise to be with his mouth, and Aaron to help him. The chapter reminds us that God's call does not depend on the abilities of the one he sends, but on the presence of the One who sends him.
What do the three signs given to Moses mean?
The staff turned into a snake, the hand made leprous and then healed, and the water turned into blood are given so that the people will believe that God appeared to Moses. They show that God has authority over creation, over disease and over the Nile, the source of life for Egypt. The text does not explain them further.
Why does God seek to kill Moses in Exodus 4:24?
The text is brief and puzzling. The context suggests that Moses, called to free the people of the covenant, had not circumcised his son, the sign of that covenant, and that Zipporah acts to save the situation. Commentators differ on the details. What they share: we do not serve God by neglecting his covenant.
Articles quoting Exodus 4
- 20 Bible Verses for Job Hunting in Japan: Anxiety, Interviews and Rejection
- How to Help a Shy Person Fit In
- Isaiah 6: "Here I Am, Send Me," the Call of a Holy God
- John 1: Nathanael Meets the Son of God, King of Israel
- John 2: Faith in Action Before the Miracle
- Luke 11: Prayer Is the Key, Learn to Pray Like Jesus
World English Bible translation — public domain.