The Bible — World English Bible

Genesis 32

In brief

Genesis 32 tells of the eve of the reunion between Jacob and his brother Esau, whom he had deceived twenty years earlier. Jacob is afraid: he sends messengers, divides his camp, prays to God and recalls his promises, then prepares gifts. Left alone at night at the ford of the Jabbok, he wrestles with a man until daybreak and refuses to let go without a blessing. He comes out wounded in the hip, but with a new name: Israel. The chapter shows a man made dependent on God.

The chapter in 3 parts

  1. v. 1-8The angels of God, then fear of Esau
  2. v. 9-21Jacob's prayer and his gifts
  3. v. 22-32The wrestling at the Jabbok: Jacob becomes Israel

1Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him.

2When he saw them, Jacob said, “This is God’s army.” He called the name of that place Mahanaim.

3Jacob sent messengers in front of him to Esau, his brother, to the land of Seir, the field of Edom.

4He commanded them, saying, “This is what you shall tell my lord, Esau: ‘This is what your servant, Jacob, says. I have lived as a foreigner with Laban, and stayed until now.

5I have cattle, donkeys, flocks, male servants, and female servants. I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find favor in your sight.’ ”

6The messengers returned to Jacob, saying, “We came to your brother Esau. He is coming to meet you, and four hundred men are with him.”

7Then Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed. He divided the people who were with him, and the flocks, and the herds, and the camels, into two companies;

8and he said, “If Esau comes to the one company, and strikes it, then the company which is left will escape.”

9Jacob said, “God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh, who said to me, ‘Return to your country, and to your relatives, and I will do you good,’

10I am not worthy of the least of all the loving kindnesses, and of all the truth, which you have shown to your servant; for with just my staff I crossed over this Jordan; and now I have become two companies.

11Please deliver me from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau; for I fear him, lest he come and strike me and the mothers with the children.

12You said, ‘I will surely do you good, and make your offspring as the sand of the sea, which can’t be counted because there are so many.’ ”

13He stayed there that night, and took from that which he had with him a present for Esau, his brother:

14two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams,

15thirty milk camels and their colts, forty cows, ten bulls, twenty female donkeys and ten foals.

16He delivered them into the hands of his servants, every herd by itself, and said to his servants, “Pass over before me, and put a space between herd and herd.”

17He commanded the foremost, saying, “When Esau, my brother, meets you, and asks you, saying, ‘Whose are you? Where are you going? Whose are these before you?’

18Then you shall say, ‘They are your servant, Jacob’s. It is a present sent to my lord, Esau. Behold, he also is behind us.’ ”

19He commanded also the second, and the third, and all that followed the herds, saying, “This is how you shall speak to Esau, when you find him.

20You shall say, ‘Not only that, but behold, your servant, Jacob, is behind us.’ ” For, he said, “I will appease him with the present that goes before me, and afterward I will see his face. Perhaps he will accept me.”

21So the present passed over before him, and he himself stayed that night in the camp.

22He rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two servants, and his eleven sons, and crossed over the ford of the Jabbok.

23He took them, and sent them over the stream, and sent over that which he had.

24Jacob was left alone, and wrestled with a man there until the breaking of the day.

25When he saw that he didn’t prevail against him, the man touched the hollow of his thigh, and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was strained as he wrestled.

26The man said, “Let me go, for the day breaks.” Jacob said, “I won’t let you go unless you bless me.”

27He said to him, “What is your name?” He said, “Jacob”.

28He said, “Your name will no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have fought with God and with men, and have prevailed.”

29Jacob asked him, “Please tell me your name.” He said, “Why is it that you ask what my name is?” He blessed him there.

30Jacob called the name of the place Peniel; for he said, “I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.”

31The sun rose on him as he passed over Peniel, and he limped because of his thigh.

32Therefore the children of Israel don’t eat the sinew of the hip, which is on the hollow of the thigh, to this day, because he touched the hollow of Jacob’s thigh in the sinew of the hip.

Key verses

Verse 10
I am not worthy of the least of all the loving kindnesses, and of all the truth, which you have shown to your servant; for with just my staff I crossed over this Jordan; and now I have become two companies.

Jacob prays with humility: he says he is too small for all of God's grace and faithfulness, he who crossed the Jordan with only a staff. This prayer shows a man who has set aside his cunning to lean on grace.

Verse 26
The man said, “Let me go, for the day breaks.” Jacob said, “I won’t let you go unless you bless me.”

Jacob clings to his opponent and asks for the blessing. His perseverance is not strength, it is a desperate need for God, for he is already wounded.

Verse 28
He said, “Your name will no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have fought with God and with men, and have prevailed.”

The change of name speaks of a change of identity: Jacob, the supplanter, becomes Israel, the one who has struggled with God and received his blessing.

Verse 30
Jacob called the name of the place Peniel; for he said, “I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.”

Jacob names the place Peniel, face of God, because he has seen God face to face and his life has been spared. The encounter left a mark on his life.

Characters in this chapter

What the sermons say

Frequently asked questions about Genesis 32

Who is the man who wrestles with Jacob in Genesis 32?

The text first speaks of a man, then Jacob says he has seen God face to face. Many Christians see in him God himself or his envoy, sometimes Christ before the incarnation. Others see an angel. In every case, it is a real encounter with God, who blesses Jacob and changes his name.

What does the name Israel mean?

The text explains it: you have fought with God and with men, and have prevailed. Israel becomes the name of the people descended from Jacob. Jacob does not win by his strength, he obtains the blessing because he does not let go, even though he is wounded in the hip.

Why is Jacob afraid to meet Esau?

Twenty years earlier, Jacob had taken his brother's blessing and then fled. On his return, he learns that Esau is coming to meet him with four hundred men. He fears revenge, so he prays and prepares gifts.

Articles quoting Genesis 32

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World English Bible translation — public domain.