The Bible — World English Bible

Romans 4

In brief

In Romans 4, Paul takes Abraham as proof that justification comes from faith and not from works. Abraham believed God before he was circumcised, and that is what was counted to him as righteousness. David confirms that a person's blessing is to be forgiven. The promise rests on grace so that it remains sure for all who believe. Finally Paul describes Abraham's faith in the face of the impossible, and applies it to believers who put their trust in the risen Jesus.

The chapter in 5 parts

  1. v. 1-8Abraham and David: righteousness received without works
  2. v. 9-12Before circumcision: Abraham, father of all who believe
  3. v. 13-17The promise by faith, so that it may be by grace
  4. v. 18-22Hoping against hope: Abraham's faith
  5. v. 23-25For us too: Jesus delivered up and raised

1What then will we say that Abraham, our forefather, has found according to the flesh?

2For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not toward God.

3For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.”

4Now to him who works, the reward is not counted as grace, but as something owed.

5But to him who doesn’t work, but believes in him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness.

6Even as David also pronounces blessing on the man to whom God counts righteousness apart from works,

7“Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, whose sins are covered.

8Blessed is the man whom the Lord will by no means charge with sin.”

9Is this blessing then pronounced on the circumcised, or on the uncircumcised also? For we say that faith was accounted to Abraham for righteousness.

10How then was it counted? When he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision.

11He received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while he was in uncircumcision, that he might be the father of all those who believe, though they might be in uncircumcision, that righteousness might also be accounted to them.

12He is the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had in uncircumcision.

13For the promise to Abraham and to his offspring that he should be heir of the world wasn’t through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

14For if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is made void, and the promise is made of no effect.

15For the law produces wrath, for where there is no law, neither is there disobedience.

16For this cause it is of faith, that it may be according to grace, to the end that the promise may be sure to all the offspring, not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all.

17As it is written, “I have made you a father of many nations.” This is in the presence of him whom he believed: God, who gives life to the dead, and calls the things that are not, as though they were.

18Besides hope, Abraham in hope believed, to the end that he might become a father of many nations, according to that which had been spoken, “So will your offspring be.”

19Without being weakened in faith, he didn’t consider his own body, already having been worn out, (he being about a hundred years old), and the deadness of Sarah’s womb.

20Yet, looking to the promise of God, he didn’t waver through unbelief, but grew strong through faith, giving glory to God,

21and being fully assured that what he had promised, he was also able to perform.

22Therefore it also was “credited to him for righteousness.”

23Now it was not written that it was accounted to him for his sake alone,

24but for our sake also, to whom it will be accounted, who believe in him who raised Jesus, our Lord, from the dead,

25who was delivered up for our trespasses, and was raised for our justification.

Key verses

Verse 3
For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.”

Paul quotes Genesis: Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness. Righteousness is not a reward earned, it is received through trust.

Verse 5
But to him who doesn’t work, but believes in him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness.

God justifies the one who does not rely on his works but believes. The verse stresses the free gift of salvation: God addresses people who do not deserve it.

Verse 18-21
Besides hope, Abraham in hope believed, to the end that he might become a father of many nations, according to that which had been spoken, “So will your offspring be.” Without being weakened in faith, he didn’t consider his own body, already having been worn out, (he being about a hundred years old), and the deadness of Sarah’s womb. Yet, looking to the promise of God, he didn’t waver through unbelief, but grew strong through faith, giving glory to God, and being fully assured that what he had promised, he was also able to perform.

Paul describes Abraham's faith in the face of the impossible, with a worn-out body and a wife without a child. His certainty rests not on his own strength, but on God's ability to do what he promises.

Verse 25
who was delivered up for our trespasses, and was raised for our justification.

Jesus was delivered up for our trespasses and raised for our justification. The verse sums up Paul's gospel: the cross deals with the offense, the resurrection confirms that God accepts the work of Jesus.

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What the sermons say

Frequently asked questions about Romans 4

What does it mean to be justified by faith in Romans 4?

To be justified means to be declared righteous before God. Paul explains that this is not earned by works: Abraham believed God and that trust was counted to him as righteousness. For Protestants, this is the heart of the gospel. Other traditions also stress the transformation that follows. All recognize that grace comes from God.

Why does Paul speak of Abraham before circumcision?

Abraham was declared righteous before he was circumcised. So circumcision is not the cause of his righteousness but a seal of the righteousness already received by faith. Paul concludes that Abraham is the father of all who believe, whether circumcised or not.

What does hoping against hope mean?

In verse 18, Paul describes Abraham believing the promise of many descendants when humanly everything seems impossible: his body is worn out and Sarah can no longer have children. He does not deny reality, but he leans on God's ability to keep what he promised.

What does Romans 4:25 mean?

Jesus was delivered up for our trespasses: he carries the offense on the cross. He was raised for our justification: his resurrection confirms that God accepts his sacrifice and declares righteous the one who believes. The two facts go together, the cross and the resurrection forming one single event of salvation.

Articles quoting Romans 4

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World English Bible translation — public domain.