The Bible — World English Bible

Proverbs 31

In brief

Proverbs 31 opens with the words King Lemuel's mother speaks to him. She advises him not to waste his strength, not to be mastered by wine, and to speak up for those who have no voice. The chapter ends with a poem describing the virtuous woman: hardworking, shrewd, generous to the poor, strong and wise in her words. Her husband and children praise her. The last word gives the key to the portrait: it is the fear of the Lord that makes a woman worthy of praise.

The chapter in 4 parts

  1. v. 1-9Lemuel's mother's advice: self-control and justice
  2. v. 10-18The portrait of the virtuous woman: trust and work
  3. v. 19-27Strength, wisdom and generosity of the household
  4. v. 28-31Her family's praise and the fear of the Lord

1The words of king Lemuel; the revelation which his mother taught him.

2“Oh, my son! Oh, son of my womb! Oh, son of my vows!

3Don’t give your strength to women, nor your ways to that which destroys kings.

4It is not for kings, Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, nor for princes to say, ‘Where is strong drink?’

5lest they drink, and forget the law, and pervert the justice due to anyone who is afflicted.

6Give strong drink to him who is ready to perish, and wine to the bitter in soul.

7Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more.

8Open your mouth for the mute, in the cause of all who are left desolate.

9Open your mouth, judge righteously, and serve justice to the poor and needy.”

10Who can find a worthy woman? For her price is far above rubies.

11The heart of her husband trusts in her. He shall have no lack of gain.

12She does him good, and not harm, all the days of her life.

13She seeks wool and flax, and works eagerly with her hands.

14She is like the merchant ships. She brings her bread from afar.

15She rises also while it is yet night, gives food to her household, and portions for her servant girls.

16She considers a field, and buys it. With the fruit of her hands, she plants a vineyard.

17She arms her waist with strength, and makes her arms strong.

18She perceives that her merchandise is profitable. Her lamp doesn’t go out by night.

19She lays her hands to the distaff, and her hands hold the spindle.

20She opens her arms to the poor; yes, she extends her hands to the needy.

21She is not afraid of the snow for her household; for all her household are clothed with scarlet.

22She makes for herself carpets of tapestry. Her clothing is fine linen and purple.

23Her husband is respected in the gates, when he sits among the elders of the land.

24She makes linen garments and sells them, and delivers sashes to the merchant.

25Strength and dignity are her clothing. She laughs at the time to come.

26She opens her mouth with wisdom. Kind instruction is on her tongue.

27She looks well to the ways of her household, and doesn’t eat the bread of idleness.

28Her children rise up and call her blessed. Her husband also praises her:

29“Many women do noble things, but you excel them all.”

30Charm is deceitful, and beauty is vain; but a woman who fears Yahweh, she shall be praised.

31Give her of the fruit of her hands! Let her works praise her in the gates!

Key verses

Verse 8-9
Open your mouth for the mute, in the cause of all who are left desolate. Open your mouth, judge righteously, and serve justice to the poor and needy.”

The king is called to open his mouth for the mute and to defend the poor and needy. Power is measured by the attention given to the weakest.

Verse 10
Who can find a worthy woman? For her price is far above rubies.

The poem opens with a question: who can find a virtuous woman? She is worth far more than pearls, which places her character above any material wealth.

Verse 25-26
Strength and dignity are her clothing. She laughs at the time to come. She opens her mouth with wisdom. Kind instruction is on her tongue.

Strength, dignity and wisdom describe her character. She looks to the future without fear and speaks with kindness and wisdom.

Verse 30
Charm is deceitful, and beauty is vain; but a woman who fears Yahweh, she shall be praised.

Charm is deceptive and beauty is vain: what deserves praise is the fear of the Lord. It is the key to reading the whole poem.

Bible verses to meditate on

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Frequently asked questions about Proverbs 31

What does the virtuous woman of Proverbs 31 mean?

It is a portrait of wisdom in action: a faithful, hardworking, shrewd and generous woman whose strength comes from the fear of the Lord. Many see in it an ideal addressed to everyone, not a checklist of chores. Readings differ on how it applies today, but the emphasis is on character.

Who is King Lemuel?

The text gives no more detail than verse 1: Lemuel is a king whose mother instructed him. We do not know with certainty who he is. What the chapter keeps are the counsels he received: self-control, sobriety and justice toward the weakest.

What is the message of Proverbs 31?

The chapter tells how to live wisely: control yourself, defend those who cannot defend themselves, and build a home through work, kindness and the fear of God. It also offers criteria for choosing a spouse, based on character rather than appearance.

Articles quoting Proverbs 31

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World English Bible translation — public domain.